Polypropylene g-maleic anhydride

Triallyl cyanurate is made from cyanuric chloride and allyl alcohol. Triallyl cyanurate is used as a comonomer to impart higher temperature resistance to polyesters. It also is used as an organic catalyst for polymer grafting reactions in the solid phase, including polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride (a polypropylene-graft copolymer) [184],... 

Graft-functionalization of polyolefin in a separate processing step e.g., polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride, polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride). 

J Duvall, C SeUitti, C Myers, A Ftiltner, E Baer. Interfacial effects produced by crystallization of polypropylene with polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride compatibi-lizers. J Appl Polymer Sci 52 207-216, 1994. 

Hong CK, Kim MJ, Oh SH, Lee YS, Nah C. Effects of polypropylene-g-(maleic anhydride/styrene) compatibilizer on mechanical and rheological properties of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. J Ind Eng Chem2008 14 236 2. 

The most commonly used compatibilLzers for the blends are graft copolymers of polypropylene with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) (197-203), glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA) (204,205), and acrylic acid (PP-g-AA) (198,206). They can increase the tensile strength and impact strength of the blends. Favis et al. (207-210) used an ionomer, a copolymer of ethylene and a mixture of methacrylic acid, zinc methacrylate, and isobutylacrylate to compatibUize PP/PA blends and found it effective to decrease the dispersed particles and improve mechanical properties. 

Reactive compatibilizing agents of the type A-C can also compatibilize an A/B blend as long as C can chemically react with B. Such studied systems include polyethylene (PE)/nylon-6 blends compatibilized with carboxyl functional PE, polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene-terephthalate), with PP-g-acrylic acid, nylon-6,6/EPDM with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), and nylon-6/PP with PP-g-maleic anhydride. 

Single clay layers or 100% dispersion of the clay in polymer matrices is also the ideal situation in which to obtain nanocomposite materials with enhanced mechanical properties. This was achieved by researchers at the Pennsylvania State University ° with a semifluorinated organic surfactant to modify the montmorillonite, which is subsequently compounded with polypropylene (functionalized with, e.g., maleic anhydride). In The Netherlands the clay is intercalated with polyethyl-... 

The addition of a polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer into polypropylene-co-ethylene/polybutylene succinate blends and the subsequent irradiation allowed prevention of degradation mechanisms leading to mechanical stability. The cyclic anhydride group of the PP-g-MA first permitted compatibilizion of both polypropylene-co-ethylene and polybutylene succinate and a second action as an "energy sink."... 

Martinez, J. M. G., Laguna, O., and Collar, E. P. 1998. Chemical modification of polypropylenes by maleic anhydride Influence of stereospecificity and process conditions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 68 83-95. 

Wilkinson, A. N., Clemens, M. L., and Harding, V. M. 2004. The effects of SEBS-g-maleic anhydride reaction on the morphology and properties of polypropylene/PA6/SEBS ternary blends. Polymer 45 5239-5249. 

PP-g-MA Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride pph Parts per hundred PPO Polyphenylene oxide PPS Poly (p-phenylene sulfide)... 

MA-g-PP Maleic Anhydride-Grafting Polypropylene MAPP Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene... 

Until 2003, Chen s [28], Qu s [29-31], and Hu s [32] groups independently reported nanocomposites with polymeric matrices for the first time the. In Hsueh and Chen s work, exfoUated polyimide/LDH was prepared by in situ polymerization of a mixture of aminobenzoate-modified Mg-Al LDH and polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) in N,N-dimethylactamide [28]. In other work, Chen and Qu successfully synthesized exfoliated polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA)/LDH nanocomposites by refluxing in a nonpolar xylene solution of PE-g-MA [29,30]. Then, Li et al. prepared polyfmethyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/MgAl LDH by exfoliation/adsorption with acetone as cosolvent [32]. Since then, polymer/LDH nanocomposites have attracted extensive interest. The wide variety of polymers used for nanocomposite preparation include polyethylene (PE) [29, 30, 33 9], polystyrene (PS) [48, 50-58], poly(propylene carbonate) [59], poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [60-62], poly(vinyl chloride) [63], syndiotactic polystyrene [64], polyurethane [65], poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] [66], polypropylene (PP) [48, 67-70], nylon 6 [9,71,72], ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) [73-77], poly(L-lactide) [78], poly(ethylene terephthalate) [79, 80], poly(caprolactone) [81], poly(p-dioxanone) [82], poly(vinyl alcohol) [83], PMMA [32,47, 48, 57, 84-93], poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [94], poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) [95], polyimide [28], and epoxy [96-98]. These nanocomposites often exhibit enhanced mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties and flame retardancy. Among them, the thermal properties and flame retardancy are the most interesting and will be discussed in the following sections. 

PP-g-MA, polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride DB, decabromodiphenyl oxide OMT, organoclay modified with the ammonium cation on the clay contained a methyl group, tallow (containing 70, 25,4, and 1 mol% of CIS, C16, C14, and C12 carbon chains, respectively), and two hydroxyethyl groups AO, antimony trioxide. 

On the other hand, Chen and showed that in polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) nanocomposite based on a dodecyl sidfate-modified LDH, thermal stability is depressed bnt charring of the polymer is enhanced. So it seems that the intercalated anion, in particular its acidity, are main factors that influence the degradation pathway by a charring mechanism. 

Hemmati M, Narimani A, Shariatpanahi H (2011) Study on morphology, rheology and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomer polyolefin (TPO)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites with reference to the effect of polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as a compatibilizer. Int J Polym Mater 60 384—397... 

Cengiz [53] studied a recycled polypropylene (rPP)/organoclay nanocomposite containing ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) and polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilisers. The rPP/ Cloisite 15A nanocomposite provided the highest improvement in mechanical properties. PP-g-MA was indicated as a better compatibiliser and furthermore, the improvement of both tensile and impact properties were better at a compatibiliser to clay ratio of 3. In addition, a significant enhancement of dispersion level as well... 

Figure 6.12 Viscosity as a function of shear rate for the non-reactive polypropylene (PP), maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) and polyamide-6 (PA6) at 240 °C. After Cartier and Hu [44]...

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