Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene MAPP

MA-g-PP Maleic Anhydride-Grafting Polypropylene MAPP Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene... 

FIGURE 14.8 The treatment of cellulose with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) (a) activation of the copolymer by heating and (b) esterification of cellulose [33]. 

Kim H-S, Lee B-H, Choi S-W, Kim S, Kim H-J (2007) The effect of types of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the interfacial adhesion properties of bio-flour-fiUed polypropylene composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 38(6) 1473-1482... 

MAPP Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (maleated polypropylene)... 

The wood flour pjartides of 425 microns (40-mesh) in size were kindly donated by American Wood fibers (Schofield, WI) and are constituted predominantly with p>onderosa pine, maple, oak, spruce, southern yellow pine, cedar. The wood was oven dried at 100°C for 24 h before processing to remove moisture. The isotactic polypropylene matrix (PP) has a density of 0.9 g/cm and a melt flow index of 2.5 g/10 min, it was provided by Solvay Co. Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (MAPP) with an approximate maleic anhydride (MA) content of 3 wt. % was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI). All ingredients were used as received. 

The PP molecular weight and amount of MAPP-grafted polypropylene has been considered an important factor influencing the adhesion. Longer PP macromolecules and smaller amounts of maleic anhydride may result in crystal defects. On the other hand, Imiger molecules make the physical interaction between TCL as well as spheruUtes and fiber surface easier [11]. 

Interesting results were reported by Mi et al. [19]. They analyzed polypropylene filled with bamboo fibers with the addition of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride. The use of the agent promoting the adhesion was aimed at improving interactions between the components. In case of systems polypropylene/bamboo fibers/compatibilizer, the TCL has been formed. This was explained by higher ability to nucleation of bamboo fibers in relation to MAPP-grafted polypropylene as compared to pure polymeric matrix. 

The effect of flax fiber modification and the effect on the presence of TCL were also studied by Arbelaiz et al. [17]. In his studies, fibers were subjected to maleic anhydride, vinyltrimetoxy silane, and aUcali with addition of MAPP-grafted polypropylene. All applied modifications produced improvement in the thermal stability of lignocellulosic material. Analysis of the crystalline structure showed the increase of crystallinity as a result of fiUer addition. Nucleation density around unmodified fibers was higher than around fibers modified with maleic anhydride. Surfaces of unmodified fibers had the surface active for initialization of transcrystaUization, which, in the case of modified fibers, did not occur. Son et al. [32] explained this phenomenon as... 

Simultaneous influence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPP) and silane-treated hemp fibers (HF) on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of high-flow polypropylene (PP) modified with poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) was studied. Thermal stability of HF was improved... 

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