Polychlorinated biphenyls remediation waste

With the recent Increase In activity at hazardous waste sites where cleanup and remedial action are underway, there has emerged a need for rapid analytical methods for assessing contamination in water, sediment, and soil. Of special Interest, because of widespread use and disposal. Is the group of materials known as PCB s (polychlorinated biphenyls). 

The use of nanoscale materials in the dean-up of hazardous waste sites is termed nanoremediation. Remediation of soil contaminated with pentachloro phenol using NZVI was studied [198]. In a separate study, soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls was treated using iron nanopartides [194], NZVI and iron oxide have been suggested to be used as a colloidal reactive barrier for in situ groundwater remediation due to its strong and spedfic interactions with Pb and As compounds [199]. 

HCZyme has been demonstrated in bench-scale tests and at field remediations to be effective on benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene (BTEX), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), mineral spirits, fuel oils, motor oils, and hydraulic fluids. The vendor claims that HCZyme has been tested and used on over 2 million tons of petroleum-contaminated soils and is effective in breaking down petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), creosote, sludges, waste oils, free product, tank bottoms, and other chlorinated compounds (D18208L, p. 15). 

According to DTC, typical operating costs range from 50 to 100 per feed ton (0.91 metric tons) for refinery-type wastes, and 100 to 200 per feed ton for soil remediation. DTC notes that estimates are feed and product quality sensitive and site specific. Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated soil must also take into account the cost of destroying the concentrated PCB product (D110410, p. 7). 

The IT Corporation thermal destruction unit is a mobile unit that uses infrared incineration technology. The main objective of this process is to transform the feedstock into another form (an ash acceptable for delisting) while assuring safe discharge of exhaust gas products to the environment. The unit is capable of on-site remediation of wastes and soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other organics. This technology is based on a conveyor belt furnace process. 

Nadim, L., Schocken, M.J., Higson, F.J., Gibson, D. T., Bedard, D. L., Bopp, L. H. Mondello, F. J. (1987). Bacterial oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Research Symposium on Land Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration, and Treatment of Hazardous Waste, pp. 395—402. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH (EPA/600/9-87/015). 

There are currently thousands of sites in the U.S.A. containing soil contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, mercury, and mixed waste (radioactive and hazardous waste). One method used frequently to remediate these sites is thermal desorption. 

Bioremediation. Human society is increasingly exploiting the flexible appetite of microbes (particularly bacteria) to remediate environments containing contaminants such as industrial waste, crude oil, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Bioremediation is usually classified as either in situ or ex situ and is defined as the use of microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, and their enzymes to return a contaminated environment to its original... 

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