Poly copolymers solubility

The copolymers were obtained following this method by exploiting the similarity of 5-vinylborazine and styrene. Several poly(styrene-co-B-vinylborazine) copolymers soluble in ethers were formed in solution at 80°C using AIBN.28... 

PVP forms molecular adducts with many substances. Insoluble complexes are formed when aqueous solutions of PVP are added to tannic acid, poly(acrylic acid) and methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer. Soluble complexes, called iodophors, are formed with iodine the solubility of iodine is increased from 0.034% in water at 25°C to 0.58% by 1% PVP. The resulting iodophor retains the germicidal properties of iodine. It is thought that the iodine is held in a PVP helix in solution. The influence of two samples of PVP on the solubility of testosterone is shown in Fig. 8.21. The PVP correspondingly increases the rate of solution of the steroid from solid dispersions. 

Polymerization of Cyclic Ethers and Formats by Poly-THF Dioxolenium Salt. The polymerization of cyclic ethers and formals by PTHF-dioxolenium salt was carried out to clarify the presence of termination or transfer reactions. The results are shown in Table IV. In the polymerization of 3,3-bischloromethyloxetane (BCMO), block copolymer soluble in chloroform and having the expected molecular weight was formed the homopolymer of BCMO insoluble in chloroform was not observed. The block copolymer showed crystalline bands of BCMO at 700, 860, and 890 cm 1, suggesting the formation of ABA block. 

Poly(methacrylic acid. Eudragit L Anionic copolymers. Soluble Enteric coalings resistant to... 

Poly(phenylquinoxaline—arnide—imides) are thermally stable up to 430°C and are soluble in polar organic solvents (17). Transparent films of these materials exhibit electrical insulating properties. Quinoxaline—imide copolymer films prepared by polycondensation of 6,6 -meth5lene bis(2-methyl-3,l-benzoxazine-4-one) and 3,3, 4,4 -benzophenone tetracarboxyUc dianhydride and 4,4 -oxydianiline exhibit good chemical etching properties (18). The polymers are soluble, but stable only up to 200—300°C. 

In addition to providing fully alkyl/aryl-substituted polyphosphasenes, the versatility of the process in Figure 2 has allowed the preparation of various functionalized polymers and copolymers. Thus the monomer (10) can be derivatized via deprotonation—substitution, when a P-methyl (or P—CH2—) group is present, to provide new phosphoranimines some of which, in turn, serve as precursors to new polymers (64). In the same vein, polymers containing a P—CH group, for example, poly(methylphenylphosphazene), can also be derivatized by deprotonation—substitution reactions without chain scission. This has produced a number of functionalized polymers (64,71—73), including water-soluble carboxylate salts (11), as well as graft copolymers with styrene (74) and with dimethylsiloxane (12) (75). 

Poly(alI lene glycol)s. While these can be made from polymeri2ation of any alkylene oxide, they are usually prepared either from propylene oxide as the water-insoluble type, or as water-soluble copolymers of propylene oxide and up to 50% ethylene oxide (35,36) (see Polyethers, propylene OXIDE polymers). Current worldwide production is estimated to be about 45,000 t. 

Almost all synthetic binders are prepared by an emulsion polymerization process and are suppHed as latexes which consist of 48—52 wt % polymer dispersed in water (101). The largest-volume binder is styrene—butadiene copolymer [9003-55-8] (SBR) latex. Most SBRlatexes are carboxylated, ie, they contain copolymerized acidic monomers. Other latex binders are based on poly(vinyl acetate) [9003-20-7] and on polymers of acrylate esters. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is a water-soluble, synthetic biader which is prepared by the hydrolysis of poly(viayl acetate) (see Latex technology Vinyl polymers). 

Solubility and Solution Properties. Poly(vinyhdene chloride), like many high melting polymers, does not dissolve in most common solvents at ambient temperatures. Copolymers, particularly those of low crystallinity, are much more soluble. However, one of the outstanding characteristics of vinyUdene chloride polymers is resistance to a wide range of solvents and chemical reagents. The insolubiUty of PVDC results less from its... 

Suspension Polymerization. At very low levels of stabilizer, eg, 0.1 wt %, the polymer does not form a creamy dispersion that stays indefinitely suspended in the aqueous phase but forms small beads that setde and may be easily separated by filtration (qv) (69). This suspension or pearl polymerization process has been used to prepare polymers for adhesive and coating appHcations and for conversion to poly(vinyl alcohol). Products in bead form are available from several commercial suppHers of PVAc resins. Suspension polymerizations are carried out with monomer-soluble initiators predominantly, with low levels of stabilizers. Suspension copolymerization processes for the production of vinyl acetate—ethylene bead products have been described and the properties of the copolymers determined (70). Continuous tubular polymerization of vinyl acetate in suspension (71,72) yields stable dispersions of beads with narrow particle size distributions at high yields. 

Poly(Vinylpyrrolidinone-CO Vinyl Acetate). The first commercially successful class of VP copolymers, poly(vinylpyrroHdinone-co-vinyl acetate) is currently manufactured in sizeable quantities by both ISP and BASF. A wide variety of compositions and molecular weights are available as powders or as solutions in ethanol, isopropanol, or water (if soluble). Properties of some examples of this class of copolymers are Hsted in Table 15. 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

The majority of hydrophilic and water-soluble polymers are manufactured on the commercial level. Their list includes PAAm, copolymers of AAm, PAAc, PEO, PVA, poly(jY-vinylpyrrolidone), some polyamines etc. So, it seems practically highly attractive to produce hydrogels based on these polymers using various crosslinking techniques. 

Hedrick et al. reported imide aryl ether ketone segmented block copolymers.228 The block copolymers were prepared via a two-step process. Both a bisphenol-A-based amorphous block and a semicrystalline block were prepared from a soluble and amorphous ketimine precursor. The blocks of poly(arylene ether ether ketone) oligomers with Mn range of 6000-12,000 g/mol were coreacted with 4,4,-oxydianiline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) diethyl ester diacyl chloride in NMP in the presence of A - me thy 1 morphi 1 i nc. Clear films with high moduli by solution casting and followed by curing were obtained. Multiphase morphologies were observed in both cases. 

Emulsion polymerization is the most important process for production of elastic polymers based on butadiene. Copolymers of butadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile have attained particular significance. Polymerized 2-chlorobutadiene is known as chloroprene rubber. Emulsion polymerization provides the advantage of running a low viscosity during the entire time of polymerization. Hence the temperature can easily be controlled. The polymerizate is formed as a latex similar to natural rubber latex. In this way the production of mixed lattices is relieved. The temperature of polymerization is usually 50°C. Low-temperature polymerization is carried out by the help of redox systems at a temperature of 5°C. This kind of polymerization leads to a higher amount of desired trans-1,4 structures instead of cis-1,4 structures. Chloroprene rubber from poly-2-chlorbutadiene is equally formed by emulsion polymerization. Chloroprene polymerizes considerably more rapidly than butadiene and isoprene. Especially in low-temperature polymerization emulsifiers must show good solubility and... 

Recently siloxane-imide copolymers have received specific attention due to various unique properties displayed by these materials which include fracture toughness, enhanced adhesion, improved dielectric properties, increased solubility, and excellent atomic oxygen resistance 1S3). The first report on the synthesis of poly(siloxane-imides) appeared in 1966, where PMDA (pyromellitic dianhydride) was reacted with an amine-terminated siloxane dimer and subsequently imidized 166>. Two years later, Greber 167) reported the synthesis of a series of poly(siloxane-imide) and poly(siloxane-ester-imide) copolymers using different siloxane backbones. However no physical characterization data were reported. 

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