Plastics copolymers

EVA plastics Copolymers of elhene and vinyl acetate (vinyl elhanoaie). 

FEP plastics Copolymers of tetrafluoro-ethene and hexafluoropropene. Inert and corrosion resistant as Teflon but can be processed by melt techniques. 

In addition to the polymer, copolymers of vinyl chloride with other vinyl monomers are important commercial plastics. Copolymers with vinyl acetate, which is produced from acetylene and acetic acid, are widely used in sheeting, surface coating, and filaments, being less brittle and more readily soluble in organic solvents than is pure polyvinyl chloride. Copolymers with acrylonitrile are also of importance for the production of... 

In contrast to the polymers and copolymers of butadiene, the oligomers of aromatic olefins, like styrene, are not compatible with PVC. Oligomers of alkylated polystyrenes are a little better, especially in combination with other liquid plasticizers. Copolymers of styrene and isobutylene are not suitable for use with PVC. 

Finally, polyvinyl chloride may be internally plasticized by copolymerization with flexibilizing comonomers such as 2-ethylhexyI acrylate, and these internally plasticized copolymers may be quite as soft and flexible as conventional externally plasticized polyvinyl chloride, without the use of any added plasticizer (J). 

The electrical properties of such internally plasticized copolymers are quite unusual (6), and as we can see deserve much more thorough study (Table VIII). 

The superiority of the internally plasticized copolymer is clearly evident if we plot volume resistivity against a measure of plasticization such as tensile stress at 100% elongation (Figure 1). Here we can see that the best way to increase softness and flexibility, without loss of volume resistivity, is by copolymerization with 2-ethvlhexvl acrylate. Polyblending with nitrile rubber provides only little advantage... 

Maleic anhydride CAS. 108-3I-6. til, maleic acid [CAS 110-16-7]. (2), and I umarie acid [CAS 110-17-81. i3) are multifunctional chemical intermediates that lind applications in nearly every Held id industrial chemistry. Each molecule contains two acid carbonyl groups and a double bond in the u. position. Maleic anhydride and maleic acid are important raw materials used in the manufacture of phthalic-type alkyd and polyester resins, surface coatings, lubricant additives, plasticizers. copolymers, and agricultural chemicals [see Alkyd Resins Polymers, and Lubricant). Both chemicals derive their common names from naturally occurring malic acid. 

Film and foil adhesives based on internally plasticized copolymer adhesives have been suggested. For instance, vinyl acetate—ethylene or vinyl acetate—acrylate copolymers may be used for adhesion of films to porous surfaces. For metallic foil adhesion, copolymers containing carboxylate functionality are suggested. 

Since they act as surfactants, copolymers are added in only small amounts, typically from a thousandth parts to a few hundredth parts. Theoretically, Leibler [30] showed that only 2% of a diblock copolymer may thermodynamically stabilize an 80%/20% incompatible blend with an optimum morphology (submicronic droplets). However, in practice kinetic control and micelle formation interfere in this best-case scenario. To a some extent, compatibilization increases with copolymer concentration [8,31,32], Beyond a critical concentration (critical micellar concentration cmc) little or no improvement is observed (moreover, for high amounts, the copolymer can act as a plasticizer). Copolymer molecular weight influence is similar to that of the concentration effect. For example, in a PS/PDMS system [8,31,32], when the copolymer molecular weight increases, domain size decreases to a certain extent. Hu et al. [31] correlated their experimental results with theoretical prediction of the Leibler s brush theory [30]. Leibler distinguishes two regimes to characterize the behaviour of the copolymer at the interface... 

Maleic anhydride is an important intermediate in the chemical industry [8-9]. It is used in polycondensation and addition reactions. The end products of these reactions are polyesters, alkyd resins, lacquers, plasticizers, copolymers and lubricants. For example, the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride is an engineering plastic. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-09505 BRN 1726635 2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-, dibutyl ester 2-Butenedioic acid, dibulyl ester, (E)- Butyl fumarate Dibutyl fumarate Dibutylester kyseliny fumarove EINECS 203-327-9 Fumaric acid, di-n-butyl ester Fumaric acid, dibutyl ester NSC 140 RC Comonomer DBF Stafex DBF Staflex DBF. Used In monomeric plasticizers copolymers and as a chemical intermediate. Liquid mp = -13.5 bp n 285 , bp4 " 150° d = 0.9775 insoluble in HaO, soluble in CHCI3, MeaCO. AC Ind. Inc. Monomer-Polymer Dajac Penta Mfg. Unitex. 203-327-9... 

This chapter on applications of PAB s focuses on polymer systems giving synergistic and generally high performance properties. Low performance PAB s of commodity plastics, rubber toughened plastics, copolymers, and interpenetrating networks are excluded. Some of the more common PAB s are described elsewhere in this book. 

S-N diagram See fotigue S-N diagram, snow, artificial A plastic copolymer of butyl and isobutyl methacrylate often dispersed from an aerosol atomizing package. It is used in decorative window displays. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Plasticizer for coatings aqueous tackifier adhesion promoter of nonadhering materials to glass, metal, and plastics copolymers used in pharmaceuticals lens arrays for optical device (as thermographic copying material). 

Sodium dinaphthalene methane sulfonate Sodium methyinaphthalenesulfonate Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate plasticizer, copolymer resins Butyidecyl phthalate plasticizer, cork Propylene glycol plasticizer, cosmetics... 

EVA is an internally plasticized copolymer used to plasticize or to reduce the amount of plasticizer in polyvinylchloride. A graft copolymer of EVA and PVC is produced (Vmnolit VK 801) containing equal amounts of both polymers. The graft copolymer is either used alone to give an unplasticized article or as a PVC additive. 

SAN, styrene I acrylonitrile plastics. Copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile. An amorphous thermoplastic, transparent in the original form, which is tougher, less brittle, somewhat more heat stable than the standard polystyrene. Applications transparent covers of car and signal lamps, machinery and instrument parts, and various consumer goods. Trade names Kostil (I), Luran (FRG), Lustran (USA), Tyril (USA). 

If the glass-transition temperature is lowered by polymerizing in a second component, this is referred to as internal plasticization. Copolymers of styrene with butadiene are examples of this (Figure 10-20). 

The presence of BuA in VAc emulsion copolymerizations results in internally plasticized copolymers with MPT I s in the ambient temperature range. BuA also imparts softness and tackiness, and thus the durability of VAc copol)mier increases. Although pol3 crylates and pol)nnethacrylates are less susceptible to hydrolysis than the PVAc, VA( uA emulsion copol3nners show sensibility to hydrolysis. In industry, 15-25% by weight of BuA is preferred. 

Activated carbon powder is dispersed in a plasticized copolymer matrix solution which is then dried to form membrane. Examples of copolymers are poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene. The composite is thermally laminated to aluminum current collector as electrode. 

Laundry-Cleaning Formulations Corrosive Cleaners Hair Products Skin Products Facial Cosmetics Perfumes and Deodorants Producing Pleasant Odors and Eliminating Unpleasant Ones Polymers and Plastics Copolymers Nylon, Polyethylene Terephthalate, and Polycarbonate Rubber... 

Plastic copolymer-wood composites W. Germany 1,273,787 1968 Bochumer Chemie Imhausen Co. 

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