Sulfonate plasticization

Metal Sulfonate Plasticizer Tensile Strength (psi) Elongation (%)... 

This study has shown that the strong physical cross-links in lightly sulfonated PS can be controlled by the use of suitable polar plasticizers. At the same time the PS backbone can be plasticized independently. By appropriate control of the backbone plasticizer, the ionic group plasticizer, the sulfonate level, and the cation, a family of flexible sulfonated plastics can be prepared possessing acceptable flow and tensile properties. Such flexible compositions are similar in some respects to plasticized PVC. 

Sodium dinaphthalene methane sulfonate Sodium methyinaphthalenesulfonate Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate plasticizer, copolymer resins Butyidecyl phthalate plasticizer, cork Propylene glycol plasticizer, cosmetics... 

EPDM, 3.8% zinc sulfonate plasticized with 36% zinc stearate at 323 K for ... 

Linear paraffins in the C q to range are used for the production of alcohols and plasticizers and biodegradable detergents of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and nonionic types (see Alcohols Plasticizers Surfactants). Here the UOP Molex process is used to extract / -paraffins from a hydrotreated kerosine (6—8). 

Sulfonate Esters. These are marketed as efficient and easily processible plasticizers with good resistance to extraction. They are typically aryl esters of a to alkanesulfonic acid. 

The aromatic sulfone polymers are a group of high performance plastics, many of which have relatively closely related stmctures and similar properties (see Polymers containing sulfur, polysulfones). Chemically, all are polyethersulfones, ie, they have both aryl ether (ArOAr) and aryl sulfone (ArS02Ar) linkages in the polymer backbone. The simplest polyethersulfone (5) consists of aromatic rings linked alternately by ether and sulfone groups. 

Petroleum sulfonates have traditionally been produced by both batch and continuous treatment of petroleum oils with oleum. These processes have been covered in several reviews (138,139). Natural petroleum sulfonates are coproducts in the manufacture of a variety of refined oils, most notably white (mineral) oils, lube oils, and process oils (plasticizer oils for mbber compounding). The feedstocks are selected primarily on the basis of the desired characteristics of the refined oils which generally contain 15—30% aromatics. 

Although these polymers have iaadequate stabiUty and processibiUty for most plastics appHcations, the abiUty to undergo scission back to the gaseous monomers has afforded some utility ia fabrication of electron-beam resists for photoUthography. Polybutene sulfone (251) and polyhexene sulfone (252) have been developed for this small-volume but high value appHcation. 

Shipping and Storage. MSA is shipped in tank tmcks and in plastic 55-gaHon dmms or smaller containers with polyethylene inserts. The freight classification is Alkyl Sulfonic Acid, Liquid 8 Corrosive Material, UN 2586, Chemical NOIBN. 

Toners derived from 6-chlorometanilic acid [88-43-7] 6-amiao-4-chloro-y -toluene-sulfonic acid [88-51-7] and 6-arriino-y -toluenesulfonic acid [88-44-8] have improved fastness properties and find use in paints, inks, and plastics. 

Mixtures containing sulfated castor oil were used to increase the lubricity of water base drilling fluids (123). Sulfated castor oil is also used in dishwashing compounds as a hand softener. A typical cleaning composition contains sodium dodecylben2ene sulfonate, sulfated castor oil, ethanol, and water. A sulfated derivative of castor oil is used as a dispersant for plaster of Paris, reducing the water needed to form a plastic slurry (124). Pesticide emulsions can be stabilized using ethoxylated castor oil (125). 

Solvent Dyes. These water-iasoluble dyes ate devoid of polar solubilizing groups such as sulfonic acid, catboxyHc acid, or quaternary ammonium. They ate used for coloring plastics, gasoline, oUs, and waxes. The dyes ate ptedomiaandy azo and anthraquiaone, but phthalocyaniaes and ttiaryHnethane dyes ate also used. 

Polysulfone It is a high performance amorphous plastic that is tough, highly heat resistant, strong and stiff. Products are transparent and slightly clouded amber in color. Material exhibits notch sensitivity and is attacked by ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Other similar types in this group include polyethersulfone, polyphenyl-sulfone, and polyarylsulfone. Use includes medical equipment, solar-heating applications and other performance applications where flame retardance, autoclavability and transparency are needed. 

Phenol was originally recovered during the coking of coal, essentially being a by-product. Eventually, commercial routes were developed based on benzene (from coal or petroleum) for example, sulfonation of benzene to ben-zenesulfonic acid followed by reaction with water to phenol plus regenerated sulfuric acid. Phenol is used to make plastics (phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins) and textile fibers (nylon). Phenol is also used in solution as a general disinfectant for cleaning toilets, stables, floors, drains, etc. and is used both internally and externally as a disinfectant for animals. 

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