Skin and hair care products

The skin and hair care industry is growing in Southeast Asia and many local companies conq)ete successfully in their domestic markets against the largest multinational firms despite large financial and technological resources and a long tradition 

On the other hand, Western multinational firms started to use Asian markets as test markets for new shampoo formulas (cf., Czinkota, Ronkainen 1998, p. 549). Unilever introduced its new shampoo Organics in Thailand before it started the global roll out (Kilbum 1997). Colgate uses the Philippines as a global platform for new products like Noriche, which failed the local market test and was taken off the market (Geddes 1994, p. 1-22). Later the new brand Naturals/Plantanics entered the East Asian market. This product has still not been introduced in other markets. 

Export advantage Countries with multi-ethnic populations can gain an export and demand advantage when they respond to the preferences of local ethnic 

Market structure advantage The large number of local producers spur competition and maintain a constant flow of innovations. In Malaysia more than 100 small firms operate in the hair care sector. As a result, the variety of products is much higher and the discovery of new consumer trends is more likely in these countries than in the oligopolistic markets in Europe, the United States and Japcin. A few large firms dominate the personal care business and the consumer distribu- 

Ohmae (1995) suggests that firms in countries with multi-ethnic populations can respond to a variety of cultural preferences and thus develop innovations that can be exported to their home countries. Singapore is one prominent example for Ohmae. He (expects that this multi-ethnic agglomeration can help the local industry create products that can be exported to the vast markets of India and China. This could strengthen Pvo lead market advantages, namely demand anticipation and an export advantage of multiusage innovations. 

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The major producers of the calcium salt of pantothenic acid and panthenol are Hoffmann-La Roche, Daiichi, BASF, and Alps. Racemic panthenol is used mainly in hair care products, whereas (R)-panthenol is exclusively used in top-of-the-line, more expensive skin and hair care products. The current (ca 1997) price of (R,3)-panthenol varies between 12 and 18 per kg, that of D-panthenol varies between 30 and 45 per kg, and that of D-calcium pantothenate (Calpan) varies between 22 and 30 per kg. 

In an evaluation of different raw materials for mild skin and hair care products it was shown that sulfosuccinates are the best choice for inclusion in consumer products [103]. 

Sulfosuccinates are not only less irritating to skin and mucus membranes than other surfactants, but it was also found that they reduce skin irritation of other surfactants used in skin and hair care products. In particular, the effect on sodium lauryl ether sulfate was found to be most pronounced [103]. Figure 14 shows the mollifying effect of disodium oleic acid monoethanol amide sulfo-succinate when blended with anionic surfactant at a total concentration of 15%. 

Glycerol is used for drugs, personal care (including toothpaste), skin, and hair care products (42%), food and beverages (18%), tobacco (13%), polyether polyols for urethanes (11%), and alkyd resins (6%). 

EINECS 261-675-7 Hexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethyl-, isotridecyl ester Isomeric tetramethyl-1-nonyl 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate Isotridecyl isononanoate Isotridecyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate Wiekeno 153. Silky emollienoe and solvent characteristics for skin and hair care products pigment wetter, moisturizer, CasChem. 

A lot of chemistry goes on in the bathroom. There are all those skin and hair care products, as well as products to make you look good and smell good and even taste good. 

Panthenol is broadly used in cosmetic products and has become an essential ingredient in skin- and hair-care products. Its main functions are improved wound healing, anti-inflanamation and hydrating activities. Panthenol is often called pro-vitamin B5 in advertising literature. Panthenol is the stable biologically active form of vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid. This vitamin is essential for growth and normal maintenance of skin and hair. Pantothenic acid is an essential constituent of coenzyme A, which plays a central role in the metabolism. 

The focus may be on environmental attributes that are based on the company s culture, what it deems important. For example, it is reported that a producer of high-quality skin and hair-care products avoids the use of animal-derived and petroleum-based chemicals whenever possible. Synthetic alternatives are utilized if performance requirements are satisfied since they are more environmentally preferable than those derived from natural sources. 

Emulsification is essential for the development of all types of skin- and hair-care preparations and a variety of makeup products. Emulsions (qv) are fine dispersions of one Hquid or semisoHd ia a second Hquid (the contiauous phase) with which the first substance is not miscible. Generally, one of the phases is water and the other phase is an oily substance oil-ia-water emulsions are identified as o/w water-ia-oil emulsions as w/o. When oil and water are mixed by shaking or stirring ia the absence of a surface-active agent, the two phases separate rapidly to minimize the iaterfacial energy. Maintenance of the dispersion of small droplets of the internal phase, a requirement for emulsification, is practical only by including at least one surface-active emulsifier ia the oil-and-water blend. 

Cosmetics and Toiletries skin, dental and hair care products, perfumes and fragrances ... 

Currently, (J )-pantothenic acid is industrially produced by conventional chemical synthesis and marketed as the calcium salt (calpan). The global market of calpan was valued at approximately 75 million US dollars in sales in 2005 with a world output over 10 000 ton. The key starting material for large-scale chemical processes is (J )-pantolactone. This molecule can be coupled with either calcium P-alanine to form (J )-pantothenate or with 3-aminopropanol to form panthenol, an important ingredient in skin and hair care consumer products. Purification of (7 )-pantolactone from racemic mixtures occurs by chemical or enzymatic racemic resolution [320, 321]. 

Amino acid-based nonionic surfactants are listed in Table 5. Most of the materials are used either as a coemulsifier or as an emollient in skin care and hair care products [28-30]. Acylglutamate cholesteryl ester (AGCE) promotes recovery of damaged skin, which is similar to the effect found for ceramides, key constituents in the lipid membrane of the stratum corneum [31]. 

The use of proteins as raw material for personal and home care products has been known for more than 60 years [58]. Both animal (e.g. leather waste) and plant-based proteins are available as raw materials. Nowadays mostly plant-based proteins (e.g. from wheat, soya bean, rice, peas) are used. Typically the natural proteins are degraded by hydrolysis (either chemically or enzymatically) and the respective protein hydrolysates are obtained. After purification and work-up they are used for skin and hair care formulations. The main claims are protection and care for hair and skin. Subsequent quarternization of the protein hydrolysates leads to products with high substantivity and conditioning effects, whereas acylation of the protein hydrolysates with fatty acids results in protein surfactants, the so-called protein fatty acid condensates. In the latter case, as already described for the sugar-based surfactants, the products are based completely on natural raw materials, namely fatty acids (from vegetable oil) and the protein or protein hydrolysate as the hydrophilic part in the surfactant molecule (Figure 4.6). The... 

Uses Conditioner, film-former improving foaming and imparting body to skin and hair care prods, including conditioning shampoos, rinse-off and leave-on conditioners, styling products, mousses, perms, body washes, facial cleansers Features Desirable alternative to Polyquaterniurrt-10 compat. with anionics Properties Yel. cl. vise, liq. essentially odorless m.w. 100,000 pH 5.0-8.0 20%... 

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