Modified phenolic resins

MPP = phenolic resin (PF) modified PP MPRP = phenolic resin modified PRP. 

Perhydropyrimido[l,2-a]azepine has been patented as a dye fixing agent for the printing of cotton fabrics (79JAP(K)27078), as a catalyst for a phenolic resin modifier (80JAP(K) 120622), and for room temperature-curable traffic paints (80JAP(K) 133470). 

The total Phenolic and Other Tar Acid Resins class is broken down by chemical composition. In breaking down tar acid total resins by chemical composition, the Tariff Commissiop s annual figures from 1937 to 1948 (11) originally made the first breakdown phenolic resins other than mixed phenolics, and the second breakdown mixed phenolics. For 1949 and 1950, the breakdown is first by phenolic resins, unmodified, and secondly phenolic resins, modified. During 1948, it is possible to bridge the gap between these two breakdowns because both are given for that particular year. The first breakdown now, however, is between unmodified and modified resins, and each breakdown is followed by a more detailed breakdown by chemical composition. 

Chem. Descrip. Phenolic resin-modified alkyd (linseed/tung oil type) in ) lene... 

Furfuryl alcohol phenolic resin comonomer Bisphenol A phenolic resin mfg. p-t-Amylphenol Tall oil rosin phenolic resin modifier Cumyl phenol Fumaric acid phenolic resins Phenol... 

The Phenolic Resins Modified with Titanium are Synthesized from a High Ortho Novolac Resin and Tetraisopropyl Titanate. The Phenolic Resin Modified with both Titanium and Silicon is Prepared from 2 Weight Percent Titanium Containing Phenolic Resin and Diphenylsilanediol. (Data from Ref.[l 80])... 

Pena C, Martin M D, Tejado A, Labidi J, Echeverria J M and Mondragon I (2006), Curing of phenolic resins modified with chestnut tannin extract , J Appl Polym Sci, 101, 2034-2039. 

Since Maly first esterified rosin in 1865, practically every conceivable ester of rosin has been prepared, including the glycerol ester, called ester gum, introduced in 1900 for lacquers and printing inks. The methyl ester of hydrogenated rosin is used as a plasticizer in lacquers. Pentaerythritol esters, unmodified and modified with maleic anhydride and phenol-formaldehyde, are used in varnishes. In 1937, the coatings industry used 20 million pounds of phenolic resins modified with ester gum in 1987,66 million pounds were used. Phenolic resins modified with up to 80% ester gum were called 4-hour enamels. Because these enamels possess excellent resistance to hot water and alkali, ester gum replaced damar, copal, and kauri gums in paints, lacquers, and enamels in combination with tung oil. 

Synthetic resins, such as phenoHc and cresyUc resins (see Phenolic resins), are the most commonly used friction material binders, and are usually modified with drying oils, elastomer, cardanol [37330-39-5] an epoxy, phosphoms- or boron-based compounds, or even combinations of two. They ate prepared by the addition of the appropriate phenol and formaldehyde [50-00-0] in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst. Polymerization takes place at elevated temperatures. Other resin systems are based on elastomers (see Elastomers, synthetic), drying oils, or combinations of the above or other polymers. 

The alkyd resins are of value because of their comparatively low cost, durability, flexibility, gloss retention and reasonable heat resistance. Alkyd resins modified with rosin, phenolic resin, epoxy resins and monomers such as styrene are of current commercial importance. 

Standard-grade PSAs are usually made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber, or blends thereof in solution. In addition to rubbers, polyacrylates, polymethylacrylates, polyfvinyl ethers), polychloroprene, and polyisobutenes are often components of the system ([198], pp. 25-39). These are often modified with phenolic resins, or resins based on rosin esters, coumarones, or hydrocarbons. Phenolic resins improve temperature resistance, solvent resistance, and cohesive strength of PSA ([196], pp. 276-278). Antioxidants and tackifiers are also essential components. Sometimes the tackifier will be a lower molecular weight component of the high polymer system. The phenolic resins may be standard resoles, alkyl phenolics, or terpene-phenolic systems ([198], pp. 25-39 and 80-81). Pressure-sensitive dispersions are normally comprised of special acrylic ester copolymers with resin modifiers. The high polymer base used determines adhesive and cohesive properties of the PSA. 

Paints based on phenolic resins are oil modified to permit drying at ambient temperatures. They are very suitable for most industrial atmospheres. Paints with a higher standard of chemical resistance are required for equipment that is splashed by corrosive process liquors. 

Table 8 Properties of NR-PP or PRP Blends (Modified with Phenolic Resin) at 50 50 Ratio...

A low acid polyvinyl butyral-based pretreatment primer ( etch or wash primer are alternative names) is usually advantageous as the first treatment of a metal-sprayed surface before painting. Up to an equal volume of spirit soluble phenolic resin is used as a diluent to the polyvinyl butyral of conventional pretreatment primers. This has an incidental, but particularly valuable effect, in reducing the free acid available to penetrate into the pores of the coating. The modified pretreatment primer is highly water resistant and this helps to avoid damage due to condensation. 

Silicone rubber filled with microspheres and reinforced with a plastic honeycomb Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile elastomer modified phenolic resin with a subliming powder... 

Substituted phenols such as cresols, p-fcrf-butylphenol, / -phcnylphenol, resorcinol, and cardanol (derived from cashew nut shells) have also been used as precursors for phenolic resins. Alkylphenols with at least three carbons in the substituent lead to more hydrophobic phenolic resins that are compatible with many oils, natural resins, and rubbers.7 Such alkylphenolic resins are used as modifying and crosslinking agents for oil varnishes, as coatings and printing inks, and as antioxidants and stabilizers. Bisphenol-A (2,2-p-hydroxyphenylpropane),... 

Phenol-formaldehyde reactions, 399, 380 base-catalyzed, 400-402 Phenol-formaldehyde resins, modified, 410-411... 

Calcium lignosulfonate Phenol-formaldehyde resin modified with fiirfuryl alcohol [1352]... 

Phenol-formaldehyde resins, modified with benzylamine [3]... 

Y. G. Abdullaev, R. G. Aliev, S. M. Akhmedov, S. M. Zejnally, N. A. Mekhtieva, K. A. Salaeva, and L. I. Sulejmanova. Breaking down of oil emulsion— by treating with potassium salt of phenol-formaldehyde resin, modified with benzylamine. Patent SU 1705332-A, 1992. 

The CB sheet is coated on the back with microcapsules 5 to 10 pm in diameter, in which leuco dye solution in a nonvolatile solvent is contained. The CF sheet is coated on the front with an acidic coreactant such as reactive clay, zinc salt of salicylic acid derivatives, zinc-modified phenolic resin, etc. On the application of pressure, the microcapsule is ruptured in the area delineated by the pressure pattern, and the leuco dye solution is thereby transferred to the CB sheet to bring about a color-forming reaction with acidic coreactant resulting in a distinct image on the surface of the CF sheet. By inserting a middle sheet (or sheets) called the CFB sheet, which is coated on the front and back with acidic coreactant and microcapsules, respectively, multiple copies can be obtained. 

The CF sheet is prepared by coating an acidic coreactant such as naturally occurring reactive clay, zinc salt of salicylic acid derivatives and zinc modified phenolic resin. 

The development of a solvent reaction between triphenyl borate and paraformaldehyde to produce a boron-modified phenolic resin that flowed at usual processing temperatures has been reported.90... 

Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) has important uses in modifying phenolic resin manufacture and is an intermediate in explosive manufacture. Although it is a complex three-dimensional structure, it is easily made by the condensation of formaldehyde and ammonia. 

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