Modified Phenolics

The acid number is mainly defined for rosins and rosin-derived resins and for phenol-modified resins. Standard hydrocarbon resins have zero acid number because the absence of functional groups. However, the acid number allows one to control deterioration by oxidation with formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in hydrocarbon resins. Typical acid number values of different resin types are ... 

Bond strength can vary from a temporary bond (non-curing compound) to a substrate tearing bond (using phenolic-modified curing products). Solvent-borne CR adhesives can be formulated to have very short open times for fast production operations or to retain contact bond characteristics for up to 24 h. Heat and solvent reactivation can be used to re-impart tack to dried surfaces. 

Table 5 Effects of Various Phenolic Modified Polypropylenes on the Properties of NBR-Polypropylene Compositions Containing Amine Terminated NBR...

Coran and Patel [74] investigated the reactive com-patibilization of PP-NBR and HDPE-NBR blends using phenolic modified polyolefin, maleic anhydride modified polyolefin, and amine terminated nitrile rubber as reactive components. Dynamic vulcanization was also inves-... 

The reactive compatibilization of HDPE-NBR and PP-NBR blends has been studied by Thomas and coworkers [75,76]. The maleic anhydride modified polyolefins and phenolic modified polyolefins are used as com-patibilizers. The effect of the concentration of these compatibilizers on the compatibility of these blends was investigated in terms of morphology and mechanical properties. It was found that in these blends an optimum quantity of the compatibilizer was required to obtain maximum improvement in properties, and after that a leveling off was observed. The domain size of the dispersed NBR phase in these blends is decreased up to a certain level and then increases (Fig. 12 and 13). The reduction in domain size is attributed to the increase in... 

Figure 13 Average diameter of dispersed NBR domains vs. phenolic modified polypropylene and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene concentration. Source Ref. 75.

Scheme 5 Reaction scheme for the formation of graft copolymer in PP-NBR blends in the presence of phenolic modified PP.

Figure 14 Effect of volume fraction of maleic modified PE and phenolic modified PE on the particle size reduction of 70 30 HDPE-NBR blend. Source Ref. 75.

Figure 15 Effect of phenolic modified PP concentration on tensile strength and tear strength of 70 30 PP-NBR blend. Source Ref. 76.

Pentadecyl phenol modified poly(styrene-fi-4-vinylpyridine)... 

Figure 9.45 Eleven dominant phenolic monomers, yielded from the oxidation of lignin using the CuO oxidation method these compounds can be separated into four families p-hydroxyl, vanillyl (V), syringyl (S), and cinnamyl (C) phenols. (Modified from Hedges...

Smith, S.B. Flame-retardant benzylic-ether phenolic modified foam and method of preparing same, PCT US Patent 4,390,641 assigned to Thermocell Development, Ltd, 1983. 

Vinyl-phenolic Nitrile-phenolic Vinyl-phenolic Neoprene-phenolic Nylon-phenolic Modified epoxy Nitrile-phenolic Epoxy... 

Subsequent work was, therefore, directed to substitution of resorcinol, a much more expensive phenol, in cold-setting, waterproof adhesives (38). Formulations based on 30 to 60% of extract mixed with a resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate and additional formaldehyde met pot-life and assembly time requirements for timber lamination. Test bonds passed requirements of the major performance standards in the United States, but competition from lower cost, phenol-modified resorcinol resins and the lack of longterm commercial perfor-... 

The R1 values obtained for such phenylethynyl substituted siloxanes are higher then that reported for traditional aromatic-based systems [9] or the phenol modified ones (1.50-1.53) [10]. The synthesis of high refractive index (methyl)(diphenyle thenyl)-dichlorosilane via hydrosilylation was also described [1]. Such monomer was later hydrolyzed and condensed into silicone fluid. Similar process was also presented, applying silylative coupling process in the synthesis of an analogous (methyl)(phenylethenyl)diethoxysilane [11], so the two reactions shall be discussed in the following section. 

Raleigh WJ, Campagna JA, LucareUi MA. (1996) High refractive index phenol-modified sUoxanes. US Patent 5,541,278... 

Early coatings for appliances were slow-drying varnishes based on shellac and later on natural oils and gums. These were replaced with faster drying phenolics modified with tung oil with excellent acid-alkali and corrosion resistance ( ). With the advent of the nitrocellulose lacquers following World War I, rapid-drying topcoats became available that revolutionized the industry. 

Beckacite. [Arizona] Phenolic modified rosin ester resins for lithographic printing inks. 

RTM is compatible with a variety of thermosetting polymers including polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, modified acrylic, and hybrid polyester-urethane. A convenient typical viscosity of thermoset precursors is in the range of 0.2-0.6 Pa s. The RTM process has the following advantages (i) emissions are lower than in open-mold processes such as spray-up or hand lay-up (ii) it can produce parts faster, as much as 5-20 times faster than open-mold techniques (iii) the mold surface can produce a high quality finish (iv) complex mold shapes can be achieved and... 

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