Fixing agent

Cationic derivative of organic base. Substantive fixing agent to prevent bleeding of direct colors. Improves fastness to wet environment. Used alone, in dyebath rinse, or with resins. 

A concentrated fixing agent for use with direct dyes on cotton and rayon. 

A low foaming, nonionic emulsifying and very fast wetting agent. It is especially recommended for use in dyebaths for acrylic, nylon, polyester, rayon, and wool fibers. 

70% active sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate. Fast wetting. 

An economical wetter for Kuster and TAK dyeing. This product gives excellent wetting of polyester and nylon carpets in continuous operations. 

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Aftertreatments include resin finishes, which improve fastness properties, and dye-fixing agents of the epichlorhydrin—organic amine type. These agents react with the dye to give condensation products that are not water soluble and hence more difficult to remove. 

The normal sequence of addition ia the dyeiag process is pulps, filler, dyestuffs, rosia size, and alum. The dyestuffs are either taken up by the fiber because of their affinity or they must be fixed on the fiber in a finely divided form by suitable fixing agents. Alum, which is required to precipitate the rosin size, has a strong precipitating and fixing effect on dyestuffs. 

The metering and addition of dyestuff solutions is critical to successhil operation of continuous dyeing. It is also just as critical to meter other components of the process including pulp, broke, fiUers, size, alum, fixing agents, retention aids, wet-strength resins, and other additions that affect dyeing. 

Direct dyes azo dyes, and sodium salts, fixing agents, and metallic (chrome and copper) compounds used generally on cotton-wool, or cotton-silk combinations. 

Fizier-fliissigkeit, /. fixing liquid or liquor, -mittel, n. fixing agent, fixative hardening agent, -natron, n. sodium thiosulfate, -salz,... 

The tris(acryloyl) derivative (R is CH = CH2) was subsequently developed as a fixing agent for use with the Basazol(BASF) dyes in the printing of cellulosic fibres, in conjunction with urea as hydrotrope [444]. It has also been shown [445] that aftertreatment with 1,3,5-tris(acryloyl)hexahydro-s-triazine or the tris ((3-chloropropionyl) derivative improves the wet... 

Figure 10.54 Fixing agents showing various degress of functionality [446]...

Unitika is a Petrochemical company created in 1889 and which has grown especially into the textile business. Today, their business covers a wide range of economical areas, including financial activities. Its environmental division provides facilities for water treatment, incinerators, air pollution prevention facilities and heavy metal fixing agents. Their R D center conducts research to develop new business areas and products in four segments polymers, environment, advanced materials, and health. 

Fixed-roof tanks, 24 288-289 Fixed surface aerators, 26 159, 160 Fixed valve plates, 3 763-764 Fixing agents color film, 19 261 photographic, 19 213 Fixolide, 24 494 Flake... 

Thiosalicylic acid, 22 25 Thiosemicarbazides, 13 575 Thiosquarylium dyes, 20 518 Thiosuccinic anhydride, 23 422 Thiosulfate, as a color film fixing agent, 19 261... 

Interest in Fixing Agent P (7.123) has been revived in the context of nucleophilic aminoalkyl dyes of the 7.129 and 7.131 types. Nylon pretreated with this symmetrical trifunctional reactant contains residual acryloyl sites that will undergo an addition reaction with nucleophilic dye molecules [145]. Although in theory each N-terminal amino group in the fibre can give rise to two acryloyl sites (Scheme 7.73), crosslinking between two N-... 

We tried preparations from a variety of N2-fixing agents, but responses were variable. Sometimes we achieved rather good fixation with cell-free preparations, but the results were not consistent. For example, at a meeting in early 1958, we reported that cell-free preparations from Clostridium pasteurianum exposed under an atmo-... 

Mozen, M.M. and R.H. Burris. The incorporation of 15N-labeled nitrous oxide by nitrogen fixing agents. Biodrim. Biophys. Acta 14, 577-578 (1954). 

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