Tetraisopropyl titanate

Similarly, another important esterification reaction of isopropyl alcohol iavolves the production of tetraisopropyl titanate [546-68-9], a commercial polymeri2ation catalyst, from titanium tetrachloride [7550-45-0] and isopropyl alcohol. 

High purity tetraalkyl titanates can be obtained by a process whereby the Hquid organic titanate esters are subjected to partial hydrolysis to form a sohd that can be separated from the reaction mass. The remaining Hquid is distilled to give a high purity product (4). For example, tetraisopropyl titanate purified in this manner contains ... 

Increased molecular association iacreases viscosity. Tetra-/-butyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate are mobile Hquids at room temperature tetra- -butyl titanate and tetra- -propyl titanate, TYZOR NPT [3087-37-4], are thick and sympy. The boiling poiats of these materials also reflect association (Table 1). 

Addition of one mole of P,P -dipheny1methy1enediphosphinic acid to tetraisopropyl titanate gives a chelated product, the solutions of which can be used as a primer coat for metals to enhance the adhesion of topcoats, eg, alkyds, polyalkyl acylates, and other polymeric surface coating products, and improve the corrosion resistance of the metal to salt water (102). 

Miyazaki, T., Akita, H., Ishida, E., Ashizuka, M. and Ohtsuki, C. (2006) Synthesis of bioactive organic-inorganic hybrids from tetraisopropyl titanate and hydroxyethylmethacrylate. Journal of the Ceramic Society ofJapan, 114, 87-91. 

Tetrahydropyridines, 21 111 Tetrahydroquinolines, 21 187,192,198-199 Tetrahydroxyalkylethylenediamine titanate complexes, 25 95 Tetrahydroxyborate anion, 4 256-258 Tetrahydroxycuprate, 7 770 Tetrahymena, ribozyme from, 17 618, 619 Tetrairidium dodecacarbonyl, 16 63 Tetraisopropyl titanate, 25 92 Tetrakaidecahedron structure, 12 8 Tetrakis(2,4-di-lerl-butylphenyl)-4,4 -biphenylenediphosphonite, 3 114 Tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)... 

Tetraalkyl titanates are the most commonly used catalysts for PBT polymerization [8], The varieties of titanates include tetraisopropyl titanate (TPT), tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and tetra(2-ethylhexyl) titanate (TOT). Titanates effectively speed the reaction rate with few detrimental effects on the resin. Alkoxy zirconium and tin compounds, as well as other metal alkoxides, may also be used in PBT polymerization. 

TetraIsopropyl titanate Isopropyl alcohol, titanium (4+) salt ... 

It is significant to note that polymer obtained by dimethylformamide initiation does not contain initiator fragments. Polymer obtained by initiation with tetraisopropyl titanate contains an isopropoxy end that is hydrolyzable to —SCF=0. 

When tetraisopropyl titanate is used as the initiator, Be is (CH3)2CHOe. As indicated earlier, the polymer obtained has isopropoxy on the leading end and CF=S on the terminal end. Hydrolysis of the isopropoxy is responsible for CF=0 and chain transfer as a result erf Fe initiation leads to CF3S— ends. 

Copolymerization of thiocarbonyl fluoride and perfluorothioacetyl fluoride, CF3CF==S, have been done in ether at —80° C using N-methylmorpholine and tetraisopropyl titanate as initiators. The products, which contain 13-40% of the acid fluoride, are of relatively low molecular weight, do not melt very much lower than the homopolymer, and are much less elastic than the copolymer. 

Tetraisopropyl titanate Isopropyl alcohol, titanium (4+) salt, 2-Propanol, titanium (4+) salt (546-68-9), 65, 230 Tetrakis(acetonitrile)palladium tetrafluoroborate, (21797-13-7),... 

The best catalysts for this reaction are inorganic acids (H2SO, HC1), organic acids (p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic) and metal compounds such as tin and titanium derivatives - e.g. tetraisopropyl titanate. To achieve good yields of products, not only is a catalyst generally necessary but also the means to drive the equilibrium to the right as written in the reactions above. 

Compared with 49, 2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one (54) prepared from sodium 3,4-dihydro-2//-pyran-2-carboxylate has a much low polymerization reactivity [54] Lewis acids such as antimony pentachloride, phosphorus pentafluoride, and boron trifluoride etherate were not effective at all to initiate the polymerization of 54. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid induced the polymerization of 54, but the yield and molecular weight of the polymer were low. Bicyclic lactone 54 was allowed to polymerize with anionic and coordination initiators such as butyl-lithium, lithiumbenzophenone ketyl, and tetraisopropyl titanate. However, the... 

Commercial (Fluka purum) (-)- or +)-dimethyl 2,3-0-isopropylidene-tartrate and tetraisopropyl titanate can be used without further purification. 

A reactor was charged with 4-t-butylphenol (199.7 mmol) and 100 ml of toluene and then heated to reflux under nitrogen during which time roughly 20 ml of toluene were removed by distillation. The mixture was then cooled to 100°C, treated with the syringe-addition of tetraisopropyl titanate (47.43 mmol), and refluxed 30 minutes. Isopropanol was then removed by distillation at up to 90°C. Thereafter an additional 50 ml of isopropanol was distilled over at 140°C, and a dark red liquid was isolated. Upon cooling the liquid crystallized to a red solid at ambient temperature. The crystals were dried overnight at 80°C, and the product was isolated in 94.8% yield. 

Reaction of tetraisopropyl titanate with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in alcohol solution to form a soluble intermediate ... 

Steps 2 and 3 contain empirical representations of the x-ray amorphous HTO material. Co, Mo, Pd, and NiMo HTO catalysts are prepared by similar procedures. Co, Ni, and Pd were exchanged using metal nitrates Mo was added by ammonium paramolybdate. HTO-Si support materials were made by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate to the tetraisopropyl titanate prior to addition of... 

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