Terpene phenolic

Tackifiers. Resins are generally added to adjust the desired tack. In general, resins must be used with plasticizers to obtain a good balance between tack and cohesive strength. Typical tackifiers are polyterpenes, although hydrocarbon resins and modified rosins and rosin esters can also be used. In some cases, terpene-phenolics or phenol-formaldehyde resins are added to increase adhesion. 

Resin Solids content (%) r-Butyl phenolic 24 Hydrocarbon 21 Terpene 26 Terpene phenolic 26... 

Terpene phenolic resins can also be added to solvent-borne CR adhesives to increase open tack time and to provide a softer glue line than /-butyl phenolic resins. To provide adequate hot bond strength, these resins are used in combination with a polyisocyanate curing agent. 

Terpene phenolic resins can also be added to polychloroprene latex without great reduction in hot strength as the resin content is increased, but contactability is reduced. However, an adhesion failure is obtained, even at the 50 phr level. Furthermore, terpene phenolic resins have relatively poor tack and impart the best... 

Adhesion depends on a number of factors. Good adhesion is defined by most customers as substrate failure. The major adhesive manufacturers possess equipment that allows them to make bonds with customer substrates under conditions that closely simulate actual packaging lines. These bonds are peeled either automatically or by hand to gauge adhesion. The most important factors influencing adhesion are the wet-out of the substrate, partieularly by the polymer component of the adhesive system, and the specific adhesion with the substrate. Choice of resin is critical for both. Rosin, rosin esters and terpene phenolics are eommonly added for these purposes in EVA and EnBA-based systems. Adhesion at low temperatures is also influenced by the overall toughness of the system at the test temperature. 

Standard-grade PSAs are usually made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber, or blends thereof in solution. In addition to rubbers, polyacrylates, polymethylacrylates, polyfvinyl ethers), polychloroprene, and polyisobutenes are often components of the system ([198], pp. 25-39). These are often modified with phenolic resins, or resins based on rosin esters, coumarones, or hydrocarbons. Phenolic resins improve temperature resistance, solvent resistance, and cohesive strength of PSA ([196], pp. 276-278). Antioxidants and tackifiers are also essential components. Sometimes the tackifier will be a lower molecular weight component of the high polymer system. The phenolic resins may be standard resoles, alkyl phenolics, or terpene-phenolic systems ([198], pp. 25-39 and 80-81). Pressure-sensitive dispersions are normally comprised of special acrylic ester copolymers with resin modifiers. The high polymer base used determines adhesive and cohesive properties of the PSA. 

Terpene monomers are another class of interesting natural monomers because they give, on polymerization, hydrocarbon therplastic resins that exhibit a high degree of tackiness useful in pressure sensitive tapes [25]. They are also used for sizing paper and textile materials. Terpene-phenol resins are effective heat stabilizers for high-density polyethylene. 

This example belongs to chemotaxonomy, a discipline that tries to classify and identify organisms (usually plants, but also bacteria, and even insects) by the chemical or biochemical composition (e.g., fingerprint of concentrations of terpenes, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, peptides, or pyrolysis products) (Harbome and Turner 1984 Reynolds 2007 Waterman 2007). Data evaluation in this field is often performed by multivariate techniques. 

In addition to the cannabinoids, there are a considerable number of noncannabinoid compounds present in cannabis, among which are various alkaloids, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, and sugars. Whether these materials affect the actions of the cannabinoids in any way is unknown as yet. Whatever their contribution, however, the most important ingredient in marihuana is still delta-9-THC. 

Polymerization of terpenes using acidic catalysts such as AICI3 and BF3 is another major reaction for terpenes. B-Pinene and dipentene yield almost quantitative amounts of polymer in the 600-2000 MW range, while a-pinene yields only about 60% polymer in this range (32). More recently, it was claimed that an all a-pinene resin can be prepared by using chlorosilane as a catalyst (33). Monoterpenes condense with phenol in the presence of BF3 to form terpene-phenolic resins. 

Based on our current knowledge, the chemistry of induced defenses in P. abies and other woody plants is not materially different from that of herbaceous plants. Terpenes, phenolics, and chitinases are all common metabolites in herbs, and in many cases are inducible upon herbivory or pathogen infection. However, the presence of inducible terpene resins is a special feature of conifers. In the rest of the plant kingdom, mixtures of terpenes accumulate in resin ducts, cavities or glandular hairs of many taxa, but are usually not reported to be inducible. Moreover, the long induction time of conifer resin also sets it apart from other induced defenses. 

Further research is also necessary to demonstrate the actual defensive roles of these metabolites. Terpenes, phenolics, and chitinases have all been suggested to function in defense in conifers based on their toxicity and repellency in vitro, their... 

Constitutive induced terpenes phenolics Beetle density... 

Ozone also reacts with low concentrations of NO2 to form (Equation 4.24) an oxidant that is important in nighttime atmospheric chemistry, the nitrate radical, NO3. This species, which is unstable in the presence of light, reacts fairly rapidly with many compounds such as alkenes (including terpenes), phenols and other aromatic compounds,... 

Poly (styrene), saturated polyahcycUc resins and terpene phenol reduce viscosity and impart high flow to the resulting composition. For this reason, the polymers added are sometimes addressed as flow promoters. The materials have some adverse effect as they reduce the heat deflee-tion temperature of the product and increase the flanunability. High flow polyphenylene ether resin compositions have been described." Dendrilie polymers based on polyesters with multifunctional hydroxy compounds offer the advantage to be effective in smaller amounts in comparison to common flow improvers." In addition, heterogeneous blends of PPE with PA have been introduced. 

Silicone emulsiflyer, for flexible poly(urethane) foam, 509 Niax L-6900 Surfactant, 509 Nirez 2150/7042 Terpene phenol flow modifler, 166 Nomex ... 

EVA copolymer compatibihsed with terpene-phenol resins (TPR) (165). 

Specific interactions in binary blends of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with various low molecular weight terpene-phenol tackifying resins (TPR) were systematically investigated, as a function of the composition of the blend and of the electron acceptor ability of the resin, by using attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Molecular acid-base were evidenced between TPR hydroxyl groups and EVA carbonyl groups. Quantitative information on the fraction of acid-base bonded entities, the enthalpy and equilibrium constant of pair formation were obtained. A crystalline transition of the EVA copolymer was observed and discussed in terms of enthalpy and entropy considerations based on FTIR and calorimetric DSC investigations. Fundamental results are then summarised to predict the interfacial reactivity of such polymer blends towards acid or basic substrates. 16 refs. 

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, terpene-phenol resins, polyethylene oxide, PMMA and some of their blends were solution cast on basic (aluminium oxide) and acidic (hydroxylated glass) substrates. Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) was used to determine both the nature and the free energy of interfacial adduct formation in the polymer/metal systems. A correlation between IRRAS and adhesive strength may be used to predict both the acid-base work of adhesion and the density of interfacial interacting sites. 14 refs. 

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