Petroleum Gases

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used for domestic and industrial heating, flame weeding, tobacco curing, grain drying, and in motor vehicles, as well as for the petrochemical industry. 

The constituents of liquefied petroleum gas [propane (CH3CH2CH3) and/or butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)] occur as constituents of wet natural gas or crude oil or as a by-product from refining. For example, a natural gasoline plant treats raw wet natural gas through absorption by washing with gas oil and fractionating out the usable traction. 

Butane can be used for the manufacture of maleic acid (thence to maleic anhydride), from which tetrahydrofuran is made by hydrogenation. Liquefied petroleum gas is also a feedstock for aromatics production (Fig. 1). 

FIGURE 1 Manufacture of aromatics from liquefied petroleum gas. 

Spodumene is by far the most important lithium-containing ore and is used in the manufacture of lithium carbonate. Spodumene ore (benehciated to 3 to 5% Li20) is converted from the alpha form to the beta form by heating to over 1000°C, since the alpha form is not attacked by hot sulfuric acid. The water-soluble lithium sulfate is leached out and reacted with sodium carbonate to yield lithium carbonate from which various salts are derived. 

Propane, also referred to as liquified petroleum gas (LPG), is a manmade, high- octane, colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, noncorrosive compound. It is produced from natural gas, light crude oil, butane, and oil refinery gases. During the chemical processing of LPG, the manufacturers add a chemical, ethyl mercaptan, which produces an odor. 

There are approximately 800,000 internal combustion engines being used throughout industry. Approximately 80 percent of these engines are fiieled by LPG. 

As a fuel, propane is better than gasoline in several respects  

LPG must be stored, handled, and used properly, and specific safety precautions are needed. 

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Calor gas, Calor propane The trade name for a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) sold in cylinders for domestic and industrial healing. Calor gas is the name used for commercial butane while commercial propane is sold as Calor propane. 

The procedure applies to stabilized, i.e., debutanized, crudes, but can be applied to any petroleum mixture with the exception of liquefied petroleum gas, very light naphtha, and those fractions having boiling points over 400°C. 

Although gas chromatography can give the concentration of each component in a petroleum gas or gasoline sample, the same cannot be said for heavier cuts and one has to be satisfied with analyses by chemical family, by carbon atom distribution, or by representing the sample as a whole by an average molecule. 

Spirit G (petroleum ether) 0.645 30-75 (approx.) Petroleum gas equipment, perfume extraction... 

To foster a close relationship with the chemical, petroleum, gas, and energy industries and governmental agencies for the exchange of information and knowledge and to ensure that research results and discoveries of significance will be effectively exploited... 

Q-C, Natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane, liquefied petroleum gas... 

Liquid-mtrogen traps Liquid oxygen Liquid petroleum gas... 

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