Liquid petroleum gas

Liquid-mtrogen traps Liquid oxygen Liquid petroleum gas... 

In 1987 nonmotor fuel uses of butanes represented ca 16% of the total consumption. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of butane and propane, typically in a ratio of 60 40 butane—propane however, the butane content can vary from 100 to 50% and less (see Liquefied petroleum gas). LPG is consumed as fuel in engines and in home, commercial, and industrial appHcations. Increasing amounts of LPG and butanes are used as feedstocks for substitute natural gas (SNG) plants (see Fuels, synthetic). / -Butane, propane, and isobutane are used alone or in mixture as hydrocarbon propellents in aerosols (qv). 

Based on the equation presented in the problem statement, the mi.xture of butane, cyclohe.xane, ethyl ether and liquid petroleum gas is evaluated in terms of the combined TLV as follows ... 

Compressed Natural Gas Liquefied Natural Gas Methanol Propane (Liquid Petroleum Gas) Other Total ... 

Mains gas is widely available throughout the mainland of the United States. Thinly populated rural areas do not have access to mains gas although liquid petroleum gas from a central supply may be available. All major industrial areas are within the gas supply area, and less than 15 per cent of domestic dwellings are outside this area. 

Properties Colorless, flammable gas boiling at -48°C (about -54°F). Burns with a yellow sooty flame, so it can be substituted for propane in liquid petroleum gas (LPG). 

Blaugas An early thermal cracking process for making liquid petroleum gas from petroleum. Developed by the German company Blau in Augsburg from 1905. Not to be confused with blue gas (see Water gas). 

Calcor A process for making carbon monoxide from natural gas or liquid petroleum gas. It combines steam reforming with carbon dioxide recovery or recycle. Designed and licensed by Caoric GmbH. Five commercial plants have been installed as of 1992. 

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons. Liquid Petroleum Gas. Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols. ASME, New York, NY, 1993. 

Liquid petroleum gas (LPG), 13 700 emissions control for, 10 60 Portland cement industry consumption, 5 497t... 

Over the years, the refinery has produced a range of petroleum products including liquid petroleum gas, gasoline, chemicals, solvents, distillate fuels, gas oils, lubricating oils, greases, asphalt products, and bunker fuels. The primary products of the refinery are currendy gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel. Minor products include coke, sulfur, naphtha, and fuel oil. The refinery processes approximately 200,000 barrels... 

Figure 4.1 shows the whole sale prices of a number of possible alternative fuels on an energy equivalent basis compared to conventional gasoline (AlCHE, 1997). Only compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) appear to have some economic advantage relative to gasoline while ethanol, methanol and electricity are at a severe economic disadvantage (Piel, 2001). 

Damage from catastrophic explosions and fires at a liquid petroleum gas (LPG) storage facility in Mexico City, 1984. (From the video "The Day the Sky Caught Fire," courtesy of Skandia Croup Insurance Co. Ltd., Stockholm, Sweden.)... 

Uses. As a gasoline blending component to enhance volatility as a constituent of liquid petroleum gas, which is usually a mixture of... 

Bio-oils. In the 1970s, it was shown that bio-oils from plant extracts such as rubber latex, corn oil, and peanut oil can be converted into a mixture of mainly gasoline and liquid petroleum gas over a ZSM-5 catalyst, at temperatures between 400-500 These bio-oils were investigated as... 

The forest industry has used extensive amounts of chloropheols (CPs) for the preservation of timber against blue sapstain fungi. In the U.S., pentachorophenol (PCP) ia mainly used (Cirelli, 1978), while in Europe and Japan, various CP congener mixtures are typical. Preservative solutions are prepared either by dissolution of CPs in sodium hydroxide to produce concentrated chlorophenate solutions, or dissolution in fuel oil or kerosene. If these solvents are not available, liquid petroleum gas, methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, or methanol are used. 

Other larger zeolites of the FAU type are used in the cracking of long-chain waxes and paraffins, which are of low value because of their viscosity. The products of this process are gasoline and liquid petroleum gas, which is treated further with MFI-type zeolites as detailed above (Figure 9.11c). 

Intermediate Duty catalysts are for feeds with a significant content of components from ethanes up to liquid petroleum gas (LPG). The heavier feedstock increases the tendency for catalyst deactivation through carbon laydown and requires a special catalyst in the top 30% to 50% of the reformer tubes. This tendency also occurs when light feeds are run at low steam-to-carbon ratios and/or at a high heat flux. 

The SBA-HT (Societe Beige de 1 Azote-Haldor Topsoe) process is a combination of both steam reforming and partial oxidation. The process converts liquid petroleum gas (LPG) to syngas that is rich in hydrogen. This process was operated in France and Belgium in the 1960s. 

---