Liquefied petroleum gases containers

The valve was the drain valve on a small tank containing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The 5 tons of LPG that were in the tank escaped over two to three hours but fortunately did not catch fire. However, 2,000 people who lived near the plant were evacuated from their homes [11]. 

Materials of construction should be chosen so the equipment will withstand the low est temperature that can be reached during abnormal operation. In the past, materials have been used that will withstand normal operating temperatures but that may become brittle at lower temperatures reached during plant upsets or abnormal operation, for example, when the pressure in a vessel containing liquefied petroleum gas is reduced and the vessel is cooled by evaporation of the liquid (see Section 10.5.2). Some spectacular failures have resulted [12] (see Section 9.2.1 g). 

Failure to mark non-odorized on a cylinder containing liquefied petroleum gas. 172.301(f) 2,000. 

In November 1984 a storage depot near Mexico City containing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ignited following a large gas leak killing 550 people with a further 2000 injured [2]. 

Ishida, K. Noda, K. Hirako, K. Vapor-liquid equilibria for the system containing liquefied petroleum gas. Vapor-liquid equihbria for the propane - n-hexane and propane - n-hexadecane system [Jap]. Asahi Garasu Kogyo Gijutsu Shoreikai Kenkyu Hokoku 1975, 26, 355-360. 

Fuel. Propylene has a net heating value of 45.8 MJ/kg (19,700 Btu/lb) and is often contained in refinery fuel-gas streams. However, propylene is diverted from streams for refinery fuel use in large quantities only when economics for other uses are unfavorable, or equipment for propylene recovery does not exist or is limited in capacity. Propylene is also contained in Hquid petroleum gas (LPG), but is limited to a maximum concentration of 5 vol % in certain grades (83) (see Liquefied PETROLEUM gas). 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas The term liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is applied to certain specific hydrocarbons which can be liquefied under moderate pressure at normal temperatures but are gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions. The chief constituents of LPG are propane, propylene, butane, butylene, and isobutane. LPG produced in the separation of heavier hydrocarbons from natural gas is mainly of the paraffinic (saturated) series. LPG derived from oil-refinery gas may contain varying low amounts of olefinic (unsaturated) hydrocamons. 

Liquefied petroleum gas Storage of LPC at Eixed Installations (HSE, HSG 34) Storage and Use of LPC at Metered Estates (HSE, CSll) Storage and Use of LPC on Construction Sites (HSE, CS6) Keeping of LPC in Cylinders and Similar Containers (HSE, CS4)... 

Cylindrical or eliptical containers with rounded ends contain gzises under very high pressure (for example, liquefied petroleum gas)... 

The first step in a gas processing plant is to separate the components that are to be recovered from the gas into an NGL stream. It may then be desirable to fractionate the NGL stream into various liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) components of ethane, propane, iso-butane, or normal-butane. The LPG products are defined by their vapor pressure and must meet certain criteria as shown in Table 9-1. The unfractionated natural gas liquids product (NGL) is defined by the properties in Table 9-2. NGL is made up principally of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons although it may contain some butanes and very small amounts of propane. It cannot contain heavy components that boil at more than 375°F. 

This will generally be tr-ue as we proceed to look at other alkanes as the number of carbon atoms increases, so does the boiling point. All the alkanes with four car bons or less are gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. With the highest boiling point of the three, propane is the easiest one to liquefy. We are all faniliar- with propane tanks. These are steel containers in which a propane-rich mixture of hydrocar bons called liquefied petroleum gas (LEG) is maintained in a liquid state under high pressure as a convenient clean-burning fuel. 

Therefore detailed recommendations relate to the keeping of liquefied petroleum gas in cylinders and similar containers. General recommendations for storage, other than on rooftops, are summarized in Tables 9.16-9.18. 

Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals Recommended Practice on Materials, Equipment and Systems Used in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and Tanks Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code... 

For example, if LPG vessels are considered to be within a fire-scenario envelope, they require fireproofing unless protected by a fixed water spray system. API Standard 2510, Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installations (API, 2001) recommends fireproofing pipe supports within 50 ft (15 m) of the LPG vessel, or within the spill containment area. 

Liquefied petroleum gas is primarily propane but generally also contains significant amounts of olefins, which increase its reactivity substantially (Table 16.14). For example, LPG in the Los Angeles area contains about 2 mol% of alkenes whereas that in Mexico City contains almost 5% (Blake and Rowland, 1995). Hence while it is a significant improvement over gasoline in terms of reactivity (Tables 16.10 and 16.11), the exact amount of improvement is highly dependent on the nature and concentrations of these reactive impurities (Gabele, 1995). 

Gas fraction, boiling point up to 40°, contains normal and branched alkanes from Cj to C5. Natural gas is mainly methane and ethane. Bottled gas (liquefied petroleum gas) is mainly propane and butane. 

Where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engines are used in trucks or buses, oils for API Service SJ are often used for convenience, although somewhat lower quality oils may be satisfactory. In some cases, special oils containing no organometallic detergents (ashless additives) are recommended. 

Qian W., Yu H., Wei F., Zhang Q., Wang Z. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from liquefied petroleum gas containing sulfiir. Carbon, 2002,40(15), 2968-2970. 

Steam Reformings Processes. In the steam reforming process, light hydrocarbon feedstocks (qv), such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and naphtha, or in some cases heavier distillate oils are purified of sulfur compoimds (see Sulfurremoval and recovery). These then react with steam in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst to produce a mixture of hydrogen, methane, and carbon oxides. Essentially total decomposition of compounds containing more than one carbon atom per molecule is obtained (see Ammonia Hydrogen Petroleum). 

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