Inorganic gases in petroleum

The Solubility of Inorganic Gases In Petroleum Liquids Can Be Estimated by This Nomograph... 

The equilibrium solubility of common inorganic gases in petroleum liquids can now be estimated by nomograph. The relationship is based on an earlier correlation established by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the subject of a standard method approved by the American Society of Testing and Materials. 

Zanker, Adam, Inorganic Gases in Petroleum, Hydrocarbon Processing, May 1977, p. 255. 

Water pollutant chemicals Dissolved gases in water, rain water, ground water, marine pollution, etc. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, inorganic acids, hydrogen sulfide, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, isocyanides, halogens, isocyanides, arsenides, toxic metals, methane, ethylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, petroleum products heavy metal and its oxide, etc. 

The Penn State group has not answered point three in any of their reports. However, this point was discussed at the 1976 API Sub-committee meeting in Washington, and it was felt that petroleum fractions probably would not cause any particular problems with regard to the solubility parameter correlation needed in the presence of inorganic gases. Nevertheless, it is believed that each company must draw their own conclusion in this area. Testing a few typical refinery type mixtures would suffice. 

Chemical Synthesis The traditional tools of chemical synthesis in use today are organic and inorganic synthesis and catalysis. Synthesis is the efficient conversion of raw materials such as minerals, petroleum, natural gases, coal, and biomass into more useful molecules and products catalysis is the process by which chemical reactions are either accelerated or slowed by the addition of a substance that is not changed in the chemical reaction. Catalysis-based chemical syntheses account for 60% of today s chemical products and 90% of current chemical processes (Collins, 2001). 

Petroleum chemicals or petrochemicals are chemicals derived from petroleum, liquefied petroleum gases, or natural gas. These raw materials are the major sources of organic chemicals today, and the term petrochemicals is virtually synonymous with organic chemicals. Therefore, the markets for petrochemicals are the same as the markets for organic chemicals in general. Even a few inorganic chemicals—for example, sulfur, sulfuric acid, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide—are made from petroleum and natural gas. 

Petroleum is the mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons (although the term is often restricted to the non-gases) derived from chemical reactions on prehistoric animal and vegetable matter which occurs as reservoirs in sedimentary rocks from which it is extracted. Petroleum (8002-05-9) syn. crude oil or petroleum oil also contains inorganics such as compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, etc. 

---