Cured tobacco

The analysis of combustion products presents problems of complexity similar to that of feedstock and raw fuel analysis. A highly complex matrix of aliphatic material often exists (as unburnt fuel in the combustion exhaust), whilst the species of interest, for example, carcinogens or mutagens are often at very low concentrations. A classic example of multidimensional GC is its use in the analysis of flue-cured tobacco essential oil condensate. 

In April of 1982 (flue-cured tobacco) and 1983 (soybean and sunflower), treatments were set up as follows (1) mulch removed ... 

Nicotine is distilled from bnming tobacco and carried proximally on tar droplets (also called particnlate matter), which are inhaled. Absorption of nicotine across biological membranes depends on pH. Nicotine is a weak base with a p fa of 8.0. In its ionized state, snch as in acidic environments, nicotine does not rapidly cross membranes. The pH of smoke from fine-cured tobaccos, found in most cigarettes. 

Burton HR, Dye NK, Bush LP (1992) Distribution of tobacco constituents in tobacco leaf tissue, 1, Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, nitrate, nitrite and alkaloids, J Agric Food Chem 40 1050-1055 Burton HR, Dye NK, Bush LP (1994) Relationship between tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nitrite from different air cured tobacco varieties, J Agric Food Chem 42 2007-2011 Calafat AM, Polzin GM, Saylor J, Richter P, Ashley DL, Watson CH (2004) Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes, Tob Control 13 45-51... 

Counts ME, Morton MJ, Lafoon SW, Cox RH, Lipowicz PJ (2005) Smoke composition and potential relationship for international commercial cigarettes smoked with three machine-smoking conditions, Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 41 185-227 DeRoton C, Wiemik A, Wahlberg 1, Vidal B (2005) Factors influencing the formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in french air-cured tobaccos in trials and at the farm level, Beitr Tabakforsch 21 305-320... 

Djordjevic MV, Gay SL, Bush LP, Chaplin JF (1989) Tobacco-specific nitrosamine accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco isoUnes, J Agric Food Chem 37 752-756 Djordjevic MV, Sigountos CW, Brunnemann KD Hoffmann D (1990) Tobacco-specific nitrosamine delivery in the mainstream smoke of high- and low-yield cigarettes smoked with varying puff volume. In CORESTA Symposium Information Bulletin, Hellas, October 7-11 1990, p209... 

Menser, H. A. Response to ozone of five flue-cured tobacco varieties. Tobacco Sci. 10 33-34, 1966. 

Menser, H. A., and G. H. Hodges. Tolerance to ozone of flue-cured tobacco cultivars in field and fumigation chamber tests. Tobacco Sci. 13 176-179, 1%9. 

Walker. E. K. Chemkal control of weather fleck in flue-cured tobacco. Plant. Dis. 

Walker. E. K., and L. S. Vickery. Influence of sprinkler irrigation on the incidence of weather fleck on flue-cured tobacco in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 41 281-287, 1961. 

NT195 Kinsler, S., D. H. Pence, W. K. Shreve, A. T. Mosberg, P. H. Ayres, and J. W. Sagartz. Rat subchronic inhalation study of smoke from cigarettes containing flue-cured tobacco cured either by direct-fired or heat-exchanger curing processes. Inhal Toxicol 2003 5(8) 819-854. 

Beta-sitosteryl D-glucoside from flue-cured tobacco leaves. Tobacco 1958 ... 

Koseki, K., F. Saito, N. Kawashima, and M. Noma. New cembranoic diterpene with lAA inhibitory activity from Nicotina tabacum. Agr Biol Chem 1986 50(7) 1917-1918. Tazaki, H., H. Kodama, T. Fujimori, and A. Ohnishi. Hydroxysolanascone glucosides from flue-cured tobacco leaves. Agr Biol Chem 1986 50(9) 2231-2235. 

Smith, I. K. Evidence for o-acetyl-serine in Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 1977 16 1293-1294. Ishiguro, S., and S. Sugawara. Comparison of volatile N-containing compounds in the smoke of Lamina and Midrib of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Agr Biol Chem 1977 41 377. Chuman, T., M. Noguchi, A. Okhubo, and S. Toda. The structure of a novel... 

Ulbelen, A., G. Iskender, G. Topcu, and S. Atmaca. Flavonoids of the cured tobacco leaves from black sea area. J Fac Pharm Istancul Univ 1981 17 71-76. 

Puangnak, W. and S. Vorabhleuk. Studies on organic acids in Thai flue-cured tobaccos and their relationship to quality. Thai] Agr Sci 1984 17(2) 103-118. 

A. Wilkinson. Stability of alkaloid production in flue—cured tobacco. Comp Sci 1991 31(5) 1121-1124. 

NT531 Matsushita, H., Y. Tsujino, D. Yoshida, A. Saito, K. Kato, and M. Noguchi. New minor alkaloids in flue-cured tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum cv... 

NT544 Court, W. A., and J. G. Hendel. Determination of nonvolatile organic and fatty acids in flue-cured tobacco by gas liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 1978 16 314-317. 

Non-volatile constituents in tobacco. Part 1. Isolation of a new terpene clucoside,3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta-ionyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside from flue-cured tobacco. Agr Biol Chem... 

Kodama, H., T. Fujimori, and K. Kato. Structure determination of new sesquiterpene glycosides from flue-cured tobacco by two dimensional NMR. Proc 26th Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products, Kyoto, Japan 1983 26 1-8. 

Two programs for increased resistance to weather fleck in tobacco are in progress—one in Canada and one in the Connecticut Valley. The Canadian program involves the development of resistant flue-cured tobacco varieties (5), and the U. S. program under G. S. Taylor of the Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station is for cigar wrapper varieties. 

Tobacco is an example of a single-crop agricultural community on which the effects of ozone have long been recognized. The effects were referred to early as weather fleck on tobacco, but it was not until 1959 (8) that the causal agent was identified as ozone. In the late 1950 s and early 1960,s varieties of wrapper tobacco in the Connecticut valley and of flue-cured tobacco in Ontario, Canada, were severely injured by ozone, and continued production was threatened. Visible injury to the tobacco decreased both the quality and quantity of product. 

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