Fuels liquefied petroleum gas

Bromobenzene Calcium phenoxide motor vehicle fuel Liquefied petroleum gas motor-oil additives 4-t-Butylphenol mounts, antivibration... 

Aluminum background, black legend Liquid hydrocarbon piping— including crude oil, diesel, jet fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha, gasoline, and... 

CNG, compressed natural gas, and LPG, liquefied petroleum gas, are also used as alternative fuels. 

In 1987 nonmotor fuel uses of butanes represented ca 16% of the total consumption. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of butane and propane, typically in a ratio of 60 40 butane—propane however, the butane content can vary from 100 to 50% and less (see Liquefied petroleum gas). LPG is consumed as fuel in engines and in home, commercial, and industrial appHcations. Increasing amounts of LPG and butanes are used as feedstocks for substitute natural gas (SNG) plants (see Fuels, synthetic). / -Butane, propane, and isobutane are used alone or in mixture as hydrocarbon propellents in aerosols (qv). 

Fuel. Propylene has a net heating value of 45.8 MJ/kg (19,700 Btu/lb) and is often contained in refinery fuel-gas streams. However, propylene is diverted from streams for refinery fuel use in large quantities only when economics for other uses are unfavorable, or equipment for propylene recovery does not exist or is limited in capacity. Propylene is also contained in Hquid petroleum gas (LPG), but is limited to a maximum concentration of 5 vol % in certain grades (83) (see Liquefied PETROLEUM gas). 

Fuel modification in terms of volatility, hydrocarbon types, or additive content. Some of the fuels currently being used are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), fuels with alcohol additives, and unleaded gasoline. The supply of some of these fuels is very limited. Other fuel problems involving storage, distribution, and power requirements have to be considered. 

This will generally be tr-ue as we proceed to look at other alkanes as the number of carbon atoms increases, so does the boiling point. All the alkanes with four car bons or less are gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. With the highest boiling point of the three, propane is the easiest one to liquefy. We are all faniliar- with propane tanks. These are steel containers in which a propane-rich mixture of hydrocar bons called liquefied petroleum gas (LEG) is maintained in a liquid state under high pressure as a convenient clean-burning fuel. 

Furnaces and boilers are devices that burn fuel to space heat homes, offiees, and industrial facilities. Natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and heating oil are the dominant fuels used for furnaces and boilers. In the United States, furnaces and boilers burning gas and oil take care of over 75 percent of all space heating. 

See also Climatic Effects Fossil Fuels Gasoline and Additives Governmental Inteiwention in Energy Markets Liquefied Petroleum Gas Methane Natural Gas, Processing and Conversion of Natural Gas, Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Oil and Gas, Exploration for Oil and Gas, Production of Risk Assesment and Management. 

Higher molecular weight hydrocarbons present in natural gases are important fuels as well as chemical feedstocks and are normally recovered as natural gas liquids. For example, ethane may be separated for use as a feedstock for steam cracking for the production of ethylene. Propane and butane are recovered from natural gas and sold as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Before natural gas is used it must be processed or treated to remove the impurities and to recover the heavier hydrocarbons (heavier than methane). The 1998 U.S. gas consumption was approximately 22.5 trillion ft. ... 

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is a propane-butane mixture. It is mainly used as a fuel or a chemical feedstock. Liquefied petroleum gas is evolving into an important feedstock for olefin production. It has been predicted that the world (LPG) market for chemicals will grow from 23.1 million tons consumed in 1988 to 36.0 million tons by the year 2000. ... 

Propane is a more reactive paraffin than ethane and methane. This is due to the presence of two secondary hydrogens that could be easily substituted (Chapter 6). Propane is obtained from natural gas liquids or from refinery gas streams. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of propane and butane and is mainly used as a fuel. The heating value of propane is 2,300 Btu/ft. LPG is currently an important feedstock for the production of olefins for petrochemical use. 

A major use of gas oil is as a fuel for diesel engines. Another important use is as a feedstock to cracking and hydrocracking units. Gases produced from these units are suitable sources for light olefins and LPG. Liquefied petroleum gas LPG may be used as a fuel, as a feedstock to... 

Swain, M.R., Shriber, J., and Swain, M.N., Comparison of hydrogen, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and gasoline leakage in a residential garage, Energ. Fuels, 12, 83,1998. 

Water Heaters Natural or Liquefied Petroleum Gas Not enough air to burn fuel properly Defective/blocked flue Maladjusted burner... 

Commercial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), is a mixture of the liquefied gases of propane (C3) and butane (C4). It is obtained from natural gas or petroleum. LPG is liquefied for transport and then vaporized for use as a heating fuel, engine fuel or as a feedstock in the petrochemical or chemical industries. It has a flammability range of 1.8% to 10% and the vapor has a density of 1.5 to 2.0 that of... 

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is increasingly employed as a fuel. We produce it by applying a huge pressure (10-20 x p ) to the petroleum gas obtained from oil fields. 

Petroleum production technologies, 18 607 Petroleum products, 18 663-674 asphalt, 18 671-673 coke, 18 673-674 fuel oil, 18 669 gasoline, 18 665-667 information sources for, 15 765 kerosene, 18 667-669 liquefied petroleum gas, 18 664-665 lubricating oil, 18 669-670 solvents, 18 667 Petroleum recovery... 

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was used as fuel for the first time in the USA in 1912. Under the general term natural gas liquids (NGL), 60% of global LPG originates as a fraction separated from methane during the production of oil and gas the remaining 40% are generated as a by-product from the fractionated distillation of crude oil in refineries. Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of propane and butane, with the mixing ratio dependent on the country and season. 

Fuel gas or refinery gas is produced in considerable quantities during the various refining processes and is used as fuel for the refinery itself and as an important feedstock for the petrochemical industry. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is frequently used as domestic bottled gas for cooking and heating, and forms an important feedstock for the petrochemical industry. It is also used in industry for cutting metals. 

Typical refinery producfs include (1) nafural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), (2) solvent naphtha, (3) kerosene, (4) diesel fuel, (5) jet fuel, (6) lubricating oil, (7) various fuel oils, (8) wax, (9) residua, and (10) asphalt (Chapter 3). A single refinery does nof necessarily produce all of fhese producfs. Some refineries are dedicated to particular products (e.g., the production of gasoline or the production of lubricating oil or the production of asphalt). However, the issue is that refineries also produce a variety of waste products (Table 4.1) that must be disposed of in an enviromnentally acceptable manner. 

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