Personal care products fatty acids used

In the personal care market, fatty acid derivatives of proteins and amino acids (glutamic acid) are mainly used in mild shower and bath products, mild shampoos, surfactant-based face cleansers, cold-wave preparations and fixatives, baby wash formulations, as well as special emulsifiers for leave-on products. 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines ate important taw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids ate mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodiumlauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and trietban olamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is appUcable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts ate added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

The use of AOS in toiletries and personal care products has now been established. In India, for example, AOS has been used by leading toilet soap manufacturers with clear performance benefits, especially in hard water-sensitive areas. Combo bars, where part of the usual fatty acid soap is replaced by synthetic AOS as shown in Table 29, seem to be especially attractive from a cost/performance point of view. 

Commercial hydroxysultaines are generally produced from either lauryl dimethylamine, the DMAPA condensate of coconut oil or stripped, hydrogenated, distilled coconut fatty acid. This last grade is the most common one used to formulate personal care products as... 

Esters of fatty acids with monohydric alcohols find applications as emollients in cosmetics. They are prepared by acid- or base-catalyzed (trans)esterifications [200, 205]. As with biodiesel production, the use of enzymatic catalysis offers potential benefits but in the case of these specialty fatty acid esters there is a special advantage the products can be labelled as natural. Consequently, they command a higher price in personal care products where natural is an important customer-perceived advantage. Examples include the synthesis of isopropylmy-ristate by CaLB-catalyzed esterification [206] and n-hexyl laurate by Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme IM-77)-catalyzed esterification [207] (see Fig. 8.38). 

New fatty acid ester compounds of polyoxyalkylene isethionate salts — are mild surfactants with good calcium tolerance for use in liquid and solid detergent compositions and personal care products... 

Water content is adjusted to the total surfactant concentration of 30-42 % wt. The residual sulphite in the product may be oxidised to sulphate. The sulphonation proceeds also well when using partially hydrated crystalline sodium sulphite in a jacketed shear-stress reactor. This process modification is especially appropriate for manufacturing concentrated sulphosuccinate monoesters as flakes or vermicelli (often with plasticisers and fillers added in situ) suitable in mild synthetic soap bars [78]. The Cn-ig alcohols (I), ethoxylated (x2-4 mole EO) alcohols (II), and fatty monoethanolamides (III) esters of sulphosuccinic acid, mainly as sodium and alkanolamine salts, are of most practical importance as very mild high-foaming surfactants useful for personal care products and in wool, fur, and leather treatment. Very mild disodium PEG-5 laurylcitrate sulphosuccinate (in combination with sodium lauryl ethersulphate) serve for cosmetics produced by Witco as "Rewopol SB CS 50". 

Linko et al. 1998). Lipases have been extensively used in the production of surfactants of different chemical nature by esterification of alkyl glycosides and fatty acids, by transesterification of natural oils and alcohols, by transesterification of phospholipids and alcohols, and also by esterification of amino acids and amides (Saxena et al. 1999). Personal care products, hke isopropyl myristate and isopropyl palmitate, have been produced in solvent-free media with immobilized lipase and wax esters (esters from long-chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols) are also being produced with lipases (Hasan et al. 2006). 

Sucrose esters of fatty acids having 12 or more carbon atoms display surface active properties. Most of them are odourless and tasteless (or slightly bitter) allowing them to find applications both in food and personal care products [17]. Sucroesters were approved and freely permitted in Japan for use as food additives in 1959 for both their emulsifying ability and their heat stability. In addition, they are well known to protect food proteins from thermal denaturation and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and other bacteria. 

Wax esters, esters of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids, can be produced by direct esterification or by alcoholysis of triglycerides. These molecules are used in personal care products as a replacement for jojoba oil. 

In polymer applications derivatives of oils and fats, such as epoxides, polyols and dimerizations products based on unsaturated fatty acids, are used as plastic additives or components for composites or polymers like polyamides and polyurethanes. In the lubricant sector oleochemically-based fatty acid esters have proved to be powerful alternatives to conventional mineral oil products. For home and personal care applications a wide range of products, such as surfactants, emulsifiers, emollients and waxes, based on vegetable oil derivatives has provided extraordinary performance benefits to the end-customer. Selected products, such as the anionic surfactant fatty alcohol sulfate have been investigated thoroughly with regard to their environmental impact compared with petrochemical based products by life-cycle analysis. Other product examples include carbohydrate-based surfactants as well as oleochemical based emulsifiers, waxes and emollients. 

SMEs can also be dried and their powder properties are better than LAS, making SME an attractive ingredient in laundry powders. Products containing high sulphonated fatty acid as the disodium salt also have good solid forms and are used in personal care applications as ingredients in bar products. 

For personal care applications, the major products in this group are amphoacetates or amphodiacetates , generally based on alkyl hydroxyethyl imidazolines from either a whole coconut fatty acid distribution or a lauric cut. The ampho portion of their name is a convention established by the International Nomenclature Committee for Cosmetic Products (INCI) to indicate that they are derived from imidazoline structures. The INCI nomenclature applied to these materials, amphoacetate and amphodiacetate, is intended to give an indication of the stoichiometry used to produce them, either 1 or 2 mol of sodium chloroacetate is added to each mole of fatty imidazoline. Modern analytical methods have been used to determine the structure of these products and almost all of them are actually monoacetates . The main difference between amphoacetates and ampho diacetates is the composition of the by-products. 

Fatty acids are used in various industrial applications in the form of the free acid or as derivatives such as soaps, esters, alcohols, or amides. End uses of fatty acid-derived products are mainly in the detergent, personal care, soap, cosmetics, and plastics sector. In 2000 the world production capacity of fatty acids was more than 5 million metric tons, with renewable fats and oils being the most important... 

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