Laundry Powder

SOURCE Monsanto Co. Industrial and Institutional Laundry Formulas 

Laundry Builder, Si Heated. Industrial Supply (Liquid. Medium Alkalinity) 

Soil Petroleum oil and grease, graphite and colored pigment Surface Polyester and cotton/polyester Application Method Industrial washing machine Manufacture Mix tank with propeller stirrer 

Light Soil 0.25% by weight or 1 lb per 100 lbs laundry Medium/Heavy Soil 0.25%-0.50% by weight or 1-2 lbs per 100 lbs laundry 

Blend this builder solution to a 1.7-2.0 ratio Si02 %bw/ Na20 %bw for best stability and industrial detergency. 

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Historically, these sulfonates have been difficult to produce in good quaUty and to formulate into laundry powders because of thermal and hydrolytic stabihty problems. Used basically as an anionic, oleochemically sourced replacement for LAS, FAE sulfonate benefits include good detergency at low concentration, low environmental load, and good supply of high quaUty material (71). To avoid possible thermal stabihty problems, these sulfonates have found apphcation in Hquid products. They are used in at least one U.S. dishwashing Hquid, and the cocoyl derivative, Alpha-Step MC48, is marketed by Stepan Chemical Company. 

Phospha.tes, Pentasodium triphosphate [7758-29-4] sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, Na P O Q, is the most widely used and most effective builder in heavy-duty fabric washing compositions (see also Phosphoric acid and phosphates). It is a strong sequestrant for calcium and magnesium, with a p c of ca 6, and provides exceUent suspending action for soils. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive appHcation in automatic-dishwashing detergents. Sodium tripolyphosphate forms stable hydrates and thus aids in the manufacture of crisp spray-dried laundry powders. 

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate [7722-88-5] Na4P20y, is another important primary builder and detergent. In sequestration, it is not quite as effective as sodium tripolyphosphate and its usage in heavy-duty laundry powders has declined in recent years. Functionally, tetrasodium pyrophosphate is both a builder for surfactants (ie, water softener) and alkaH. 

Figure 9 shows the boundary for Ca2+/LAS" mixtures in a 0.01 M Na2S04 solution, to simulate the ionic strength typically found in a built laundry powder solution. 

Dishwashing foam stability performance of an LAS-based light-duty liquid (LDL) is strongly affected by the carbon chain distribution, by water hardness, and, under some conditions, by phenyl isomer distribution. Foaming characteristics of C)2 phenyl isomer blends have been reported previously for conditions where LAS is the single anionic surfactant in the formulation (phosphate-built laundry powder) and the level of residual water hardness is low [30,31]. Under these conditions the internal phenyl isomers of C,2 LAS gave better foam performance than the 2-phenyl isomer. 

VI. MIXED ACTIVE LAUNDRY POWDERS CONTAINING LAS A. LAS/AE and LAS/AES Mixtures... 

The combination of LAS and ethoxylated alcohol has long been used in laundry powder and liquid formulations. A typical example of a phosphate version of such a formulation is shown below. The ethoxylate can be spray-dried with LAS in a complete formulation or it can be post-added to a spray-dried formulation containing LAS, phosphate, and other inorganics. 

The LAS/AS and LAS/AS/AES combinations used in some U.S. spray-dried laundry powders for more than 30 years have provided good detergency with moderate to high foaming performance [39]. A typical example of a low-density, spray-dried, high-foaming laundry powder is shown below ... 

In addition to detergency performance and feedstock economics, other factors related to the processing of these powder formulations must be considered, such as sulfonation/sulfation, crutcher slurry preparation, and spray drying. AS and AES are thermally and hydrolytically less stable than LAS. Care must be taken in spray drying to avoid decomposition and pluming problems. This may place a limitation on the levels of AS and AES in spray-dried laundry powders. 

The introduction of concentrated laundry detergent powders in Japan during 1986-1987 produced a substantial increase in the consumption of LAB in the subsequent 3-4 years as the market changed from low-density, spray-dried powders to the concentrated (compact) products. In these products, which may contain up to 40% surfactant, the cost/performance advantages of LAS are of significance. In addition, LAB sulfonic acid is well suited for the production of high-active, high-density (about 1.0 g/cm3) laundry powders by routes other... 

In some Japanese concentrated laundry powder a combination of LAS, AS, AES, AE, and soap has been used as shown in the following example. 

Some Japanese concentrated laundry powders are formulated with combinations of LAS and a-olefinsulfonate AOS [42]. 

Alcohol efhoxylates (RO - (CH2CH20)nH) — alcohol reacted with ethylene oxide in the presence of a base catalyst. Applications include home laundry powders and liquids, industrial cleaners, and emulsifying agent in textiles, leather, paints, paper, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. 

Alcohol ether sulfates (R0(CH2CH20)S03"Na-") - alcohol ethoxy-late reacted with sulfur trioxide and then neutralized in NaOH. Application s include dishwashing liquids and shampoos, home laundry powders, and personal care products. 

Artificial musks are used in fragrances and perfumes, air fresheners and laundry powders. 

Laundry powders in Europe use sodium percarbonate and a bleach activator, tetraacetylethylenediamine ( ED), to form peracetic acid in the washing machine that then reacts with bleachable stains such as tea, red wine, coffee, and curry to remove /bleach them from cloth. Transition metal ions, in particular copper, cause first decomposition of peracetic add before it can bleach stains and second react with peroxide to form highly readive hydroxyl radicals that can cause dye and fabric damage [32]. Chelants bind with copper and other metals to prevent these unwanted side readions. 

Phosphonates are commonly used in laundry powders at 0.5-1.0% of the powder, DTPMP and EDTMP for all uses and HEDP mostly for hardness ion control. Wash conditions for powder detergents are usually pH 9-10 and typical temperatures of 40-60 °C, although there is a strong drive to reduce this to 30 °C or even to use a cold water wash. 

Industrial Laundry Powder Hotel Linen Supply... 

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