Patents Classifications

Fig. 4. Example of international patent classification (stmctured, hierarchical), where numbers ia square brackets identify edition of IPC ia which class was first used. In C07c 45/50, the first four characters iadicate section C (chemistry). Class 07 (organic chemistry), and subclass c (acycHc compounds) the number 45 /00 iadicates the preparation of compounds having carbonyl groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms by any method and 45 /50...

Fig. 5. Example of U.S. patent classification (unstmctured, hierarchical). This is one of a series of classes considered as iategral parts of Class 260, foUowiag...

EDOC Questel Institut National de la ProprifitH Industrielle (INPI) international minimal bibliographic data patent families European Patent Classification codes... 

Patent classification codes are another subject-search parameter available in most patent databases. IPC codes are usually present and U.S. codes exist in a number of files in the case of Japan Patent Information Organization (JAPIO), Japanese codes too are available. It is possible to mimic a hand search by limiting operations to references falling within one class or group of classes. Although such strategies can in some instances be justified, it is usually wiser to treat class codes as just one of the various subject parameters that make up a search strategy. 

WIPO, International Patent Classification. 5th ed.. Cad Heymans Vedag KG, Munich, Germany, 1989. 

Patent Classification Definitions, U.S. Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, D.C. revised regulady. 

There are three major steps to a patent search. (1) There is the US Patent Classification System that is a sort of subject index to all patents, (2) CASSIS is a computerized software information system provided by the USA patent office, and (3) review the patent that takes time involves the weekly official worldwide gazettes, magazines, etc. There are many ways available to search the patent database in both US and worldwide, but one web that is particularly useful to the novice or occasional searcher is one offered by IBM locate at http //www patents.IBM.com... 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Web Patent Databases. The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) [72] offers free World Wide Web access, http // www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm, to a bibliographic patent database that uses the most current patent classification system, this may not match the classification data that appears on the printed patent, and to a full-text patent database that uses the classification data that appear on the printed patent, this may not match the current classification data. The databases start with January 1, 1976, patents. The full text of a patent includes all bibliographical data (e.g., inventor s name, the patent s title, the assignee s name, etc.) and the abstract, full description of the invention, and the claims. All the words in the text of the patent are searchable. If the patent number is known, the patent, regardless of year, can be ordered from the PTO. Automated searching of 1971 to date patents is available at some of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries. Prior to 1971 searching can be done at the PTO facilities or at the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries. Commercial patent search services are also available. 

European dynamic filter, 11 384 European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS), 26 901 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) database, 12 512 European patent, 18 198 European Patent Classification (ECLA) scheme, 18 209, 230 European Patent Convention (EPC), 18 189, 191... 

International patent documents, 18 198 International Patent Classification (IPC) system, 18 208—210 International petroleum specifications, 18 642... 

Patent classification codes, 78 241 Patent classification systems, 78 208 hybrid, 78 209... 

The USPTO classifies claimed subject matter according to an internal classification system whose mysteries are not completely fathomable to the common man. The Index to the United States can be found at www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspcindex/indextouspc.html. 

This book is an attempt to describe the evolution of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) imager structures based on published patents and patent applications. Most of the patent documents cited in this book originate from the part of the systematic documentation at the European Patent Office (EPO) which corresponds to the International Patent Classification (IPC) H01L27/14 1. 

Cochran, S. W., necent Progress in Patent Classification, Paper 30, Division of Chemical Education, Symposium on Chemical Literature, 111th Meeting, ACS, Atlantic City, N. J., April 1947. 

Paterra have prepared a guide (http //cxp.paterra. com/FTerms/Guide.htm) to compare the Japanese F-term system with the International Patent Classification (IFC) (http //www.wipo.int/classitications/fuIltext/new ipc/) and File Index classification system. The guide is a browseable... 

The patent offices worldwide have opened their databases to the public there is no better place to start the search for patentability than with these free databases the same databases that provide additional services and literature search are packaged by other vendors. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (1) has created one of the world s largest electronic databases that includes every patent issued recently, published applications are also available in the database. Scientists are strongly urged to develop expert skills in interacting with the database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The search at United States Patent and Trademark Office can be most beneficial if the scientist learns how to use the patent classification system. (Tutorials are available at the United States Patent and Trademark Office website alternately, please consult Filing Patents Online A Professional Guide by Sarfaraz K. Niazi, CRC Press 2002). 

The literature of the commercial development of hydrocarbons derivable from petroleum and natural gas is meager until about 1935. Since 1945, the literature has become extensive. This study includes the paraffins, olefins, alicyclics, aromatics, acetylene, and separation processes. Journals and sections of journals of value are discussed. The main subject heads to be consulted in Chemical Abstracts are given. There is considerable overlapping of subject matter in the U. S. patent classification system pertinent classes are listed. References in the bibliography were selected to show the various types available. 

German, in 1947. A list of the PB numbers of these 22 volumes is available from the OTS (22). The abstracts are grouped by the German Patent Office classification in very broad classes. A subject outline of the classification correlated with the PB volumes and pages on which the abstracts of the patents occur has been prepared ( 3). The German patent classification is also given in an index published by the Special Libraries Association (33). 

Patent applications are assigned a serial number when filed and a document number when they are published. These numerical identifiers are printed on the face of the patent, as is the serial number of the priority application when there is one. Additional bibliographic information may include the name of the patent examiner, the name of the patent agent or attorney handling the application, and patent classification codes that define the field of technology claimed. Patent classification codes were the original search tools. 

Adams SR. Comparing the IPC and the US Classification Systems for the Patent Searcher. World Patent Inf. 2001 23 15-23. A comparison of the organizational philosophies of the International Patent Classification system and the U.S. national classification system and the differences in information retrieval that result. 

Dickens DT. The ECLA Classification System. World Patent Inf. 1994 16(l) 28-32. A description of the EPO s patent classification scheme and a version of the International Patent Classification system with refinements for more effective searching. 

The bibliographic data, full text or claims, and abstracts of all patents from one or more countries are available in a great many databases, both through traditional search services and via the Internet. Patents and applications issued by the U.S., EPO, and WIPO (PCT) are available from most major search services. Patents and/or published patent applications can be searched through the text of abstract, claims and disclosure. International Patent Classification (IPC) or national patent classification codes, relevant dates, and the names of inventors and patentees. 

Patent classifications divide the entire set of U.S. and international patents into searchable collections based on the technology claimed in that patent. The primary U.S. patent groupings, called Classes, are divided into more specific Subclasses, which in some cases are further subdivided in Subsubclasses. On the other hand, the International Patent Classes (IPC) specifies the Class, Subclass, Group, and Subgroup. The EPO s European Patent Classification (ECLA) is assuming greater importance, since it further subdivides the IPC. 

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