International Patent Classification

Fig. 4. Example of international patent classification (stmctured, hierarchical), where numbers ia square brackets identify edition of IPC ia which class was first used. In C07c 45/50, the first four characters iadicate section C (chemistry). Class 07 (organic chemistry), and subclass c (acycHc compounds) the number 45 /00 iadicates the preparation of compounds having carbonyl groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms by any method and 45 /50...

WIPO, International Patent Classification. 5th ed.. Cad Heymans Vedag KG, Munich, Germany, 1989. 

International patent documents, 18 198 International Patent Classification (IPC) system, 18 208—210 International petroleum specifications, 18 642... 

This book is an attempt to describe the evolution of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) imager structures based on published patents and patent applications. Most of the patent documents cited in this book originate from the part of the systematic documentation at the European Patent Office (EPO) which corresponds to the International Patent Classification (IPC) H01L27/14 1. 

Paterra have prepared a guide (http //cxp.paterra. com/FTerms/Guide.htm) to compare the Japanese F-term system with the International Patent Classification (IFC) (http //www.wipo.int/classitications/fuIltext/new ipc/) and File Index classification system. The guide is a browseable... 

Adams SR. Comparing the IPC and the US Classification Systems for the Patent Searcher. World Patent Inf. 2001 23 15-23. A comparison of the organizational philosophies of the International Patent Classification system and the U.S. national classification system and the differences in information retrieval that result. 

Dickens DT. The ECLA Classification System. World Patent Inf. 1994 16(l) 28-32. A description of the EPO s patent classification scheme and a version of the International Patent Classification system with refinements for more effective searching. 

The bibliographic data, full text or claims, and abstracts of all patents from one or more countries are available in a great many databases, both through traditional search services and via the Internet. Patents and applications issued by the U.S., EPO, and WIPO (PCT) are available from most major search services. Patents and/or published patent applications can be searched through the text of abstract, claims and disclosure. International Patent Classification (IPC) or national patent classification codes, relevant dates, and the names of inventors and patentees. 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Washington DC United States Patent and Trademark Office. URL http // www.uspto.gov/. Provides information on the patenting process, U.S. and International patent law and regulations, resources for independent inventors, search aids, and fee-based online delivery of patents. Includes U.S. patent applications and issued patents back to 1790. The full-text of patents is available since 1976. Includes help on viewing the images and searching by U.S. classifications. Classifications and related information, including a U.S. to International Patent Classifications concordance and an overview of the classification system, are available from the USPTO s Office of Patent Classification. Available online. 

A related database is provided through Chemweb the IFI Claims database (http //www.chemweb.com/databases/ claims) provides text-searchable information on claims in US patents from 1950 (chemical patents) and 1963 (utilities patents) to the present day. As well as non-specific search methods, the interface on Chemweb permits searching by Boolean combinations of title, inventor, exemplary claim(s), assignee, patent number, application number, US patent classifications or international patent classifications (IPCs). Search terms may be stemmed for additional flexibility. 

Walker, R. D. 1995. Patents as Scientific and Technical Literature. Metnchen, NJ Scarecrow Press. For those unfamiliar with patents, the visnals help. The fignres inclnde descriptions of U.S. patents, U.S. design patents, and U.S. plant patents. Other interesting visnals show the 1601 Proclamation by the Queen, a British patent application, a page from the 5th edition of the International Patent Classification, and how the snbclasses appear in the index of Classification. 

Fuel cell manufacturing patents are filed mainly under the International Patent Classification Code (IPC) H01M008. 

End-of-pipe technologies are recorded by the German Patent Office in the class C02F of the International Patent Classification (IPC) Treatment of water, waste water, sewage or sludge. This class is further divided into six subclasses ... 

You should use the International Patent Classification (Sect. 7.3.4.4) in addition to the technical terms. 

International Patent Classification tool to set basis for the internationally unified classification of patent applications and utility models, which was prepared by the StraBburg agreement in 1971 and became effective on 7th October 1975 The classification is revised every 5 years to include the technical innovations. The 5lh edition came into effect on 1st January 1990, It is hierachically subdivided and is meant to retrieve patent documents, to analyze their novelty and to judge the inventive step. 

I have included spreadsheets, which list all issued U.S. patents and patent applications up to December 31, 2005. These are organized to list titles, abstracts, first claims, inventors, assignees, U.S. and International Patent Classifications, and relevant dates. Also a spreadsheet lists all the abstracts reported in Chemical Abstracts with similar categories. I have also tried to list in a separate spreadsheet the Registry Numbers of some 200 differently identified materials. 

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