Application Issues

B. Slootmaekers, S. Tachiyashiki, D. Wood, and G. Gordon, "The Removal of Chlorite Ion and Chlorate Ion from Drinking Water," in Chlorine Dioxide Scientific, Tegulatory and Application Issues, American Water Works Association, International Sjmposium, Denver, Colo., Nov. 1—2,1989. 

The standard requires purchasing documents to include, where applicable, the title or other positive identification, and applicable issue of specification, drawings, process requirements, inspection instructions, and other relevant technical data, including requirements for approval or qualification of product, procedures, process equipment, and personnel. 

Model selection, application and validation are issues of major concern in mathematical soil and groundwater quality modeling. For the model selection, issues of importance are the features (physics, chemistry) of the model its temporal (steady state, dynamic) and spatial (e.g., compartmental approach resolution) the model input data requirements the mathematical techniques employed (finite difference, analytic) monitoring data availability and cost (professional time, computer time). For the model application, issues of importance are the availability of realistic input data (e.g., field hydraulic conductivity, adsorption coefficient) and the existence of monitoring data to verify model predictions. Some of these issues are briefly discussed below. 

Wherever applicable, issues relating to ecology and biomedical problems are addressed. The inorganic participants of the ion-radical organic reactions are also considered. Chapter 7 gives representative examples of synthetic procedures and considers the fundamentals of related synthetic approaches. 

The only other reference at a European level appears in Volume 9 (Pharmacovigilance) of the Notice to Applicants issued by the European Commission. The Notice to Applicants does not have the force of law, but represents best practise. Paragraph 1.3.4 states ... 

NOTE The basis of determining maximum discharge pressure is an application issue. 

From the moment a US Patent is filed, it may require two to five years before the document is issued as a Patent. Moreover, while only 70% of filed Applications issue as patents, the dominant reason is the chemistry of the Application is too current to that of the existing Patent. 

From its initial filing with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, a U.S. patent application issuing period is from 18 months to 5 years. Thirty percent of filed applications, however, do not issue as U.S. patents. While there are many reasons for this, the most cogent reason is that the application chemistry too closely resembles chemical material already described in an issued patent. U.S. patent applications that do not issue as U.S. patents are doomed to oblivion. 

The title or other positive identification and applicable issues of specifications, drawings, process requirements, inspection instructions, or other relevant technical data... 

Work, which has been accepted, is selected at random and examined, and the hndings are compared with the appropriate requirements, basis for acceptance, and applicable issue status. 

The first criterion was associated with improved secondary and tertiary petroleum recovery processes. This is the justification for the patent applications issued to the Dow (50) and Exxon (51) corporations. The additional costs of production and the increased adsorption of such modified water-soluble polymers are detrimental to the commercial application of such polymers and even the academic studies in this area have decreased in recent years. 

Public patent information can be accessed through the USPTO s website. If a patent application issues or is published and you know the application number, patent number, or U.S. publication number, you can look up the file history of the application in the Public PAIR section of the website (http //portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/pair). Most of the information is available as PDFs that can be viewed one page at a time. Before the advent of the Public PAIR database, file histories were available only as hard copies and tended to be very expensive to obtain. With Public PAIR, one can see much of the correspondence between a patent applicant and the USPTO. This is particularly useful when you are interested in learning more about another party s patent application status. 

In the applicant s response subsequent to the restriction requirement, an amended set of claims were filed where only one of the groups listed above was retained and the claims corresponding to the other groups canceled. The claims to the canceled subject matter were subsequently included in four separate divisional patent applications—the primary patent application eventually issued into US 6,939,578 and the four separately filed divisional applications issued into patents as well. 

In a subsequent action, RPR instructed a U.S. attorney to file a reissue application on their behalf.82 The reissue application included the original claims plus three additional claims to actual intermediates useful in the synthesis the reissue application issued in 1993 and was assigned the number RE 34,277. It is interesting (but ultimately not dispositive to the CAFC s decision) that the JACS reference was submitted during the reissue application proceeding, and the examiner signed off that he had seen the reference. 

The bibliographic data, full text or claims, and abstracts of all patents from one or more countries are available in a great many databases, both through traditional search services and via the Internet. Patents and applications issued by the U.S., EPO, and WIPO (PCT) are available from most major search services. Patents and/or published patent applications can be searched through the text of abstract, claims and disclosure. International Patent Classification (IPC) or national patent classification codes, relevant dates, and the names of inventors and patentees. 

Herbicide resistance is currently less of a problem than with the other pesticide groups, although, once it occurs, the effects are profound. Instead, the major interest centres around the control of off-target drift (i.e. application issues), specificity and the use (and side-effects) of certain herbicides with genetically modified crops. The examples listed in Table 8.1 indicate the continuing importance of pre-1980 molecules. For instance, glyphosate has become the most important herbicide, with its recent fall in price, broad spectrum of efficacy, low mammalian toxicity and (where GM crops are acceptable) its compatibility with Roundup ready crops. 

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