Paper/polyester

Externally cast membranes are first formed on the iaside of paper, polyester, or polyolefin tubes. These ate then iaserted iato reusable porous stainless-steel support tubes inside diameters ate ca 12 mm. The tubes ate generally shrouded in bundles to aid in permeate collection. 

Thus, any laminate may consist of plies selected from paper, polyester, numerous other plastic films, foils, coatings, adhesive layers, metalization, etc. The choice of laminate structure is usually governed by technical requirements, cost of base materials, cost of lamination processes, cost of printing cylinder and process, and the amount of laminate required (quantity), the yield from which the cost per area of laminate is derived. 

Uses Heat costabilizer for PVC binder in prep, of laminates of paper, polyester cloth, fiberglass cloth, wood sheets making castings and pottings formulating lightweight foams Manuf./Distrib. ABCR Sigma... 

Uses Heat costabilizer for PVC binder in prep, of laminates of paper, polyester cloth, fiberglass cloth, wood sheets making castings and pottings formulating lightweight foams Manuf./Disthb. ABCR http //www.abcr.de, Sigma Trade Name Synonyms Epi-Rez 509 [Resolution Perf. Prods. http //WWW. resins, com, http //www. resins-versatics.com], Epi-Rez 510 f[Resolution Perf. Prods, http //www.resins.com, http //www. resins-versatics. com] Epi-Rez 520-C [Resolution Perf. Prods. http //WWW. resins, com, http //www. resins-versatics.com], Epi-Rez 522-C [Resolution Perf. Prods, http //www.resins.com, http //www.resins-versatics.com], Epi-Rez 530-C [Resolution Perf. Prods. http //WWW.resins.com, http //www.resins-versatics.com]... 

Any porous substrate (filter paper, polyester textile) covered by the PP of hexa-methyldisilazane or the double layer of hexamethyldisilazane and n-hexane becomes the membrane selective for the water and hydrophobic liquids (Bankovic et al. 2004). 

Therefore, special low-temperature studies of the flashover behavior of solid insulation materials at various helium states were conducted in connection with superconducting cable development at the Anstalt fur Tieftemperaturforschung (ATF) der Tech-nischen Universitat Graz (Institute for Low Temperature Research of the Technical University, Graz, Austria). The materials tested were polyethylene, teflon, polyamide (PAS-60), polypropylene, paper-polyester, paper-epoxy, plexiglass, and porcelain. 

Pressure sensitive masscoats are applied to backings such as paper, polyester film, PVC,... 

Two fast growing markets for PSA s are in EDP labels (bar code labels nsed to track inventory or change pricing) and primary prodnct identification (food, personal care, and honsehold items). One of the major changes in the tape and label market is the introduction of new face stocks based on polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyediylene films. These new products will gain market share from the crrnent face stocks - coated, imcoated and saturated papers, polyester (PET), PVC, and orientated polypropylene (OPP). 

In extmsion coating a polymer is extmded from a slot die into the nip of two roUs where it is bonded to a substrate under pressure (Fig. 6). A corona discharge may be appUed to the substrate just prior to the nip to enhance adhesion. Polyethylene or ionomer are the most common resins used in extmsion coatings. They provide improved moisture barrier (on paper), or sealabUity (on foU, polypropylene, or polyester). When a second substrate is introduced to the nip, laminated stmctures may be produced. 

Other reinforcements that may be used in the substrate layers of decorative laminates and throughout the stmcture of industrial laminates are woven fabrics of glass or canvas and nonwoven fabrics of various polymeric monofilaments such as polyester, nylon, or carbon fibers. Woven and nonwoven fabrics tend to be much stronger than paper and have much more uniform strength throughout the x—y plane. They greatly enhance properties of laminates such as impact and tear strength. 

Fumaric acid occurs naturally in many plants and is named after Fumaria officinalis, a climbing aimual plant, from which it was first isolated. It is also known as (E)-2-butenedioic acid, aHomaleic acid, boletic acid, Hchenic acid, or /n j -l,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid. It is used as a food acidulant and as a raw material in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, quick-setting inks, furniture lacquers, paper sizing chemicals, and aspartic acid [56-84-8]. 

Microcapsules are used in several film coatings other than carbonless paper. Encapsulated Hquid crystal formulations coated on polyester film are used to produce a variety of display products including thermometers. Polyester film coated with capsules loaded with leuco dyes analogous to those used in carbonless copy paper is used as a means of measuring line and force pressures (79). Encapsulated deodorants that release their core contents as a function of moisture developed because of sweating represent another commercial appHcation. Microcapsules are incorporated in several cosmetic creams, powders, and cleansing products (80). 

All these polyesters are produced by bacteria in some stressed conditions in which they are deprived of some essential component for thek normal metabohc processes. Under normal conditions of balanced growth the bacteria utilizes any substrate for energy and growth, whereas under stressed conditions bacteria utilize any suitable substrate to produce polyesters as reserve material. When the bacteria can no longer subsist on the organic substrate as a result of depletion, they consume the reserve for energy and food for survival or upon removal of the stress, the reserve is consumed and normal activities resumed. This cycle is utilized to produce the polymers which are harvested at maximum cell yield. This process has been treated in more detail in a paper (71) on the mechanism of biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyaIkanoate)s. 

Some amino resins are used as additives to modify the properties of other materials. For example, a small amount of amino resin added to textile fabric imparts the familiar wash-and-wear quaUties to shirts and dresses. Automobile tires are strengthened by amino resins which improve the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). A racing sailboat may have a better chance to win because the sails of Dacron polyester have been treated with an amino resin (1). Amino resins can improve the strength of paper even when it is wet. Molding compounds based on amino resins are used for parts of electrical devices, botde and jar caps, molded plastic dinnerware, and buttons. 

Sihcone products dominate the pressure-sensitive adhesive release paper market, but other materials such as Quilon (E.I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc.), a Werner-type chromium complex, stearato chromic chloride [12768-56-8] are also used. Various base papers are used, including polyethylene-coated kraft as well as polymer substrates such as polyethylene or polyester film. Sihcone coatings that cross-link to form a film and also bond to the cellulose are used in various forms, such as solvent and solventless dispersions and emulsions. Technical requirements for the coated papers include good release, no contamination of the adhesive being protected, no blocking in roUs, good solvent holdout with respect to adhesives appHed from solvent, and good thermal and dimensional stabiUty (see Silicon COMPOUNDS, silicones). 

Sulfur dyes are used mainly for dyeing textile ceUulosic materials or blends of ceUulosic fibers (qv) with synthetic fibers such as acryUc fibers, polyamides (nylons), and polyesters. They are also used for sHk (qv) and paper (qv) in limited quantities for specific appHcations. Solubilized sulfur dyes are used on certain types of leathers (qv). 

A primary use of vinyhdene chloride copolymer lacquers is the coating of films made from regenerated ceUulose or of board or paper coated with polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and polyethylene. The lacquer imparts resistance to fats, oils, oxygen, and water vapor (165). 

Expandable VDC copolymer microspheres are prepared by a microsuspension process (191). The expanded microspheres are used in reinforced polyesters, blocking multipair cable, and in composites for furniture, marble, and marine appHcations (192—195). Vinylidene chloride copolymer microspheres are also used in printing inks and paper manufacture (196). 

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