Mining mineral

Other Industrial Applications. High pressures are used industrially for many other specialized appHcations. Apart from mechanical uses in which hydrauhc pressure is used to supply power or to generate Hquid jets for mining minerals or cutting metal sheets and fabrics, most of these other operations are batch processes. Eor example, metallurgical appHcations include isostatic compaction, hot isostatic compaction (HIP), and the hydrostatic extmsion of metals. Other appHcations such as the hydrothermal synthesis of quartz (see Silica, synthetic quartz crystals), or the synthesis of industrial diamonds involve changing the phase of a substance under pressure. In the case of the synthesis of diamonds, conditions of 6 GPa (870,000 psi) and 1500°C are used (see Carbon, diamond, synthetic). 

G. L. Dettuff, Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, U.S. Dept, of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1977, p. 255 G. Chariot, Thuorie etMuthods Nouvelles d HnalyseQualitative, 3rd ed., Masson, Paris. 

The field of metaHurgy has a unique and frequently very specialized vocabulary. Understanding this language helps to clarify certain concepts and processing steps. A complete dictionary of mining, mineral, and related terms has been compiled (2). The definitions and explanations of key terms foHow. 

G. W. Houck, Iron and Steel Scrap in June 1995 U.S. Bureau of Mines Mineral Industry Surveys, Washington, D.C., Sept. 1995. 

Columbium (Niobium) and Tantalum in 1994 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Survey, 1995. 

If individual controllers are used instead of optimal computer control, several strategies are possible. In one strategy (Lynch and Fiber, 3rd IFAC Symposium on Automation of Mining, Mineral and Metal Proce.ssing, 25-32, 1980) the sluri y-pump rate is controlled to maintain sump-level constant, which results in smooth cyclone operation. The water-feed rate is ratioed to the ore-feed rate, which keeps the circiilating load from oscillating. The ore-feed rate is then controlled to maintain product-particle size. 

The mean residence time T (defined as H JF) is the most important parameter, since it determines the time over which particles are exposed to grinding. Measurements on several industrial mills (Weller, Automation in Mining Mineral and Metal Processing, 3d IFAC Symposium, 303-309, 1980) (measured on the water, not the ore) showed that the maximum mill filhng was about 40 percent, and the maximum flow velocity through the mill is 40 m/h. 

WoodburyWD. 1985b. Lead. In Preprint from the 1985 Bureau of Mines Mineral Yearbook. Washington, DC U.S. Department of the Interior. 

US Bureau of Mines. Minerals Yearbook. Metals and Minerals. Washington, D.C. US Dept oflnterior, 1978-1980. 

Thrush, P. W. (1968). A Dictionary of Mining, Minerals and Related Terms. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Kirk WS. 1988a. Nickel. Preprint from the Bureau of Mines mineral yearbook. Pittsburgh, PA ... 

Deju, R. A., Bhappu, R. B. State Bureau Mines Mineral Res., New Mexico Inst. Min. and Technol. Campus St. Socorro, New Mexico Circular 82 (1965)... 

Andrews-Jones, D. A. (1968). The application of geochemical techniques to mineral exploration. Colorado School of Mines, Mineral Indus. Bull., 11, No 6. 

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