Designer surfaces

The condenser design, surface area, and condenser cooling water quantity should be based on the highest cooling water temperature likely to be encountered, if the inlet cooling water temperature becomes hotter then the design, the primaiy booster (ejector) may cease functioning because of the increase in condenser pressure. 

Referring to the surface roughness chart for the manufacturing process to be used, select the appropriate value of A corresponding to the characteristic s design surface roughness. 

To provide for sufficient total capacity, the temperature at the air oudet of a well designed surface condenser is generally assumed to be about 7.5°F below the temperature of saturated steam at the absolute pressure in the condenser [12],... 

Reciprocal of heat transfer coefficient multiplied by 1,000. A term employed when designing surface condensers. 

Based on insight gained by Fig. 6.33 we can start to design surfaces that are fine tuned towards the desired chemisorption bond strength and reactivity, as we shall see in the following. 

Y. Iwasawa, Chemical Design Surfaces for Active Solid Catalysts, (D.D. Eley, H. Pines, P.B. Weisz, Eds.), vol. 35, p. 187. Academic Press, New York, 1987. 

P. M. Holblad, J. H. Larsen, I. Chorkendorff, L. P. Nielsen, F. Besenbacher, I. Stensgaard, E. Laesgaard, P. Kratzer, B. Hammer and J. K. Norskov, Designing surface alloys with specific active sites, Catal. Lett., 1996, 40, 131. 

We shall, in the following, use the symbol [Pg.4]

The aim of this chapter is to document how catalytic reactions can be promoted and regulated by the presence of coadsorbed species and by the design of active structures at catalyst surfaces. To clarify these issues, this chapter examines two classes of well-defined catalyst surfaces chemically designed surfaces and single-crystal surfaces. 

In order to increase the electroosmotic flow, a number of studies used beads with specifically designed surface chemistries that involved strong ion-exchange functionalities. The famous yet irreproducible separations of basic compounds with an efficiency of several millions of plates has been achieved with silica based... 

The USEPA surveys identified four resin adsorption systems in the pesticide industry [7]. Phenol, pesticide, and diene compounds are all effectively removed by these systems. At least one system realized a significant product recovery via regeneration and distillation. The design surface loading rates vary from 1.0 to 4.0 gpm/ft with empty bed contact times of 7.5 to 30 minutes. 

The greater the order of the normal mode, the more the field is localized near the surface of the sphere, hence the designation surface modes. The lowest-order mode (n = 1) is uniform throughout the sphere, and this mode is sometimes called the mode of uniform polarization. 

Considerable potential exists to design surface modified electrodes which can mimic the behaviour of electronic components. For example, a rectifying interface can be produced by using two-layer polymer films on electrodes. The electroactive species in the layers have different redox potentials. Thus electron transfer between the electrode (e.g. platinum) and the outer electroactive layer is forced to occur catalytically by electron transfer mediation through the inner electroactive layer. 

Abbreviations-. CD, cluster designation (surface markers) ConA, concanavalin A (aT cell mitogen) IFNy, interferon-gamma IL, interleukin PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells TNFa, tumour necrosis factor-alpha. 

Tiller JC, Liao C-J, Lewis K et al. (2001) Designing surfaces that kill bacteria on contact. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 5981-5985... 

An understanding of the interaction between polypeptides and surfaces is imperative if self-assembly is to be achieved in a reproducible manner. This is especially important if the scale of assembly is to be increased from small-scale laboratory experiments to larger reaction vessels. Insights obtained into surface-based assembly can also be used to design surface-based "reactor platforms" which encourage surface interactions in order to achieve... 

Iwasawa, Y., Chemical design surfaces for active solid catalysts. Adv. Catal. 35,187 (1987). 

G. E. Fryxell and J. Liu, Designing surface chemistry in mesoporous silica, in Adsorption on Silica Surfaces, edited hy E. Papirer (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000), pp. 665-687. 

Abstract A simple route for fabrication of regularly patterned surfaces with specifically designed surface roughness and chemistry is reported using colloidal particles. 

The formation of gas bubbles in a porous medium affects, e.g., the performance of anaerobic granular sludge particles containing entrapped gas (waste-water treatment), or the performance of electrochemical reactors where a gas (hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine) evolves inside a porous electrode. A related problem is that of bubble nucleation on structure surfaces, which can be as varied as specially designed surfaces for enhanced nucleate boiling heat transfer, or the... 

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