Organic Content Standard

In the development of maintenance and marine coatings, the emphasis has been on the development of low-solvent, or solvent-fi ee, coatings to satisfy EPA volatile organic content standards. Thus liquid epoxy systems based on polyamidamines have been developed. Epoxies have also been formulated as powdered coatings, thus completely eliminating solvents. 

Single-attribute labels - one stage of the product s life cycle OEKO-TEX standard 100 OCS-Organic Content Standard BCI-The Better Cotton Initiative gSTM sustainable cotton program Fairtrade Standard for cotton CARE FAIR RUGMARK... 

Single-attribute labels that cover mainly one stage of a product s life cycle, usually raw material extraction or the product-use stage, for instance Organic Content Standard (OCS) or OEKO-TEX Standard 100. 

The complete analysis of alcohol sulfates is described in the Standard Methods of the International Organization of Standards (ISO) [200] and of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) [201]. These methods describe the analysis of inorganic sulfate content, chloride content, unsulfated matter, and water as well as other analytical values. Other ISO standards describe the analysis of sodium secondary alkyl sulfates [202], determination of pH [203], determination of water content [204,205], chlorides [206], total active matter in sul fated ethoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols [207], mean relative molecular mass in sulfated ethoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols [208], sulfate content... 

ISO Guide 31 (1981) Contents of certificates of reference materials. (Revised April 1996 as ISO/ REMCO document N 382. Actual update 20 July 2000.) International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

Spent foundry sand is thought of as a beneficial substitute for fine sand for use in portland cement concrete. Prior to acceptance of inclusion, test standards applied on conventional fine sand shall be referred to as the standards for spent foundry sand to compare the physical properties of conventional sand and spent foundry sand. The most important parameters are particle size distribution, fineness modulus, dust content, density, organics content, deleterious materials content, and grain shape. Although no spent foundry sand satisfies all of the specifications, foundry sand can be blended with conventional sand to be incorporated into the concrete matrix. The replacing ratio normally starts at one-third. 

One of the best-known commercial instruments developed for organic carbon determinations is the Beckman total carbon analyser, which utilises an analysis scheme developed by Van Hall and co-workers [57,99]. This instrument works reasonably well in fresh water. It has become a standard instrument in pollution control and water treatment [103]. The Beckman instrument has not worked as satisfactorily for seawater because of the latter s high carbonate and low organic content. 

Reference Materials - Contents of Certificates and Labels , ISO Guide 31, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland, 2000. 

Most polymeric materials are controlled by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) with respect to the relationship between the name and content including fibers. While the FTC controls industry in the United States, the international standards are generally determined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Table 18.2 contains a brief listing of some of the ISO and FTC names for some of the most utilized fibers. 

The solvent should not contain substances that contribute significantly to the production of photochemical smog and troposphere ozone. The volatile organic content of the product, as used, should not exceed 50 g/L. None of the components of the product will have a maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) exceeding 1.9 g Ofg of compound (the MIR for toluene). MIR values can be obtained from the maximum incremental reactivity list found in Appendix VII of the California Air Resources Board s California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles as amended on September 22, 1993. 

International Standard Organization (ISO) 10565. 1999. Oilseeds-Simultaneous Determination of Oil and Moisture Contents - Method Using Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

ISO (2005). Milk Products and Milk-Based Foods—Determination of Fat Content by the Weibull-Berntrop Gravimetric Method (Standard ISO 8262-3/IDF 124-3). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

A related test method (ASTM D-5368) describes the standard procedures for gravimetricafly determining the total nonvolatile and semivolatile organic content of solvent extracts from soils or solid wastes. As written, the test method is used after a solvent extract is obtained from a soil or solid waste. For these methods to be applicable, the extraction solvent must have a boiling point less than that of water at ambient pressure. Again, the total solvent extractable content (TSEC) of a soil, sediment, sludge, or solid waste depends on the solvent and method used for the extraction. 

The EPA approved many of the methods published in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards for compliance monitoring under the CWA. ASTM methods used in environmental remediation projects determine soil properties, such as organic content, porosity, permeability, soil grain size, or the properties of free petroleum product contained in the subsurface, such as viscosity, density, and specific gravity. 

International Standard Organization. 1984. Water quality. Determination of calcium content. EDTA titri-metric method. ISO 6058. International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20 Switzerland. 

As seen in Chapter 1, Section 1.1.2, soil organic matter is an undefined system, consisting of many components. So, the determination of soil organic content and the study of humic substances are challenging. For practical purposes, the humus content or, more correctly, soil organic matter content, is determined by standard procedures however, the results cannot be considered as absolutely real values, and can only be compared to each other. 

The values (listed in Tables X-XV) of the standard Gibbs free energies of ionization, AG°, for both processes increase with the increasing organic content of the solvent mixture. This trend is consistent with the effect of the lowered dielectric constant of the mixed solvent and it is caused by the increase of the electrostatic free energies of the ions produced in the dissociation process. 

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