Compliance monitoring

Air Pollution. Particulates and sulfur dioxide emissions from commercial oil shale operations would require proper control technology. Compliance monitoring carried out at the Unocal Parachute Creek Project for respirable particulates, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide from 1986 to 1990 indicate a +99% reduction in sulfur emissions at the retort and shale oil upgrading faciUties. No violations for unauthorized air emissions were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during this time (62). 

Water Quality. AH commercial oil shale operations require substantial quantities of water. AH product water is treated for use and operations are permitted as zero-discharge facHities. In the Unocal operation, no accidental releases of surface water have occurred during the last four years of sustained operations from 1986 to 1990. The Unocal Parachute Creek Project compliance monitoring program of ground water, surface water, and process water streams have indicated no adverse water quaHty impacts and no violations of the Colorado Department of Health standards (62). 

Gas-monitoring systems are more widely used than particulate monitoring systems. They can also be used for both emission compliance monitors and process control systems. Gas monitors may be of either the in situ or... 

There are three essential elements to RCRA s enforcement program compliance monitoring, enforcement actions, and compliance assistance and incentives. 

Compliance monitoring is used to determine a handler s level of compliance with RCRA s regulatory requirements. The primary method of collecting compliance monitoring data is through an inspection. Either U.S. EPA or an authorized state may lead inspections. Inspections must be conducted annually at all federal- or state-operated facilities and at least once every two years at each TSDF. The six types of inspections conducted under the RCRA program are2... 

GLP Standards Advisories No. 1-75, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, Washington, D.C., 1989-1996. 

B90103 NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Training Laboratory Analysis 800R94004 Office of Water Performance Evaluation Study Project Final Report... 

As a tool to make mutual acceptance of risk assessments possible, OECD has developed the concept of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). The OECD Principles of GLP are an integral part of the 1981 OECD council decision on the Mutual Assessment of Data (MAD) in the Assessment of Chemicals (revised 1997, Section 2.2.2). MAD also harmonizes procedures of GLP compliance monitoring, ensuring that preclinical safety studies are carried out according to the principles of GLP and that countries can have conftdence in the quahty and rigor of safety tests. 

To reduce barriers to trade the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development worked on that topic and pnblished its first decision in 1981. To introduce an internationally accepted system in all countries the OECD pnblished Cuides for Compliance Monitoring Procednies for CLP and Cnidance for the Conduct of Laboratory Inspections and Stndy Audits in 1989 which ate binding for all OECD member states. 

The Aimex I of the Directive 2004/9/EC consists of two parts Part A (Guides for compliance monitoring procedures for good laboratory practice) and Part B (Guidance for the conduct of test facility inspections and study audits). The provisions for the inspection and verification of GLP which are contained in Parts A and B are those contained in Annexes I and II respectively of the OECD Council Decision-Recommendation on comphance with principles of good laboratoiy practice. 

Guides for compliance monitoring procedures for good laboratory practice... 

Gates D. 1999b. Practieal suggestions for meeting USEPA compliance monitoring requirements and in-plant operational control of chlorine dioxide in drinking water. Ozone Sei Eng 21 433-445. 

Applications of Atomic Spectrometry to Regulatory Compliance Monitoring, 2nd Edn. S.W. Jenniss, S.A. Katz and R.W. Lynch, eds. A Wiley-VCH Publicadon, Chichester (1997). 

The Government of India has established the National GLP Compliance Monitoring Authority (India GLP), adopting the OECD quality system of the principles of GLP, for inspection, monitoring, and accreditation of test facilities in India for conducting nonclinical and environmental safety studies. Currently, India enjoys the full member status of OECD for GLP. India is a member of the OECD Test Guidelines program. 

Currently 23 Indian laboratories have been accredited by the Indian national GLP compliance monitoring authority as per the provisions of the OECD Principles of GLP to conduct nonclinical health and environmental safety studies. The Indian system of GLP inspection, accreditation, and monitoring of test facilities was started in 2004 (India GLP). 

Analytical (related to technology performance not compliance monitoring) ... 

OECD, Environment Directorate—Chemicals Group and Management Committee (1998), OECD series on principles of good laboratory practice and compliance monitoring, number 1 OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice (Paris Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 

Over the past several years, several countries have been involved in developing national GLP regulations/guidelines and in the implementation of GLP compliance monitoring activities. A brief overview of those activities occurring here in the U.S. is presented. 

Each time an error is made, it is initialed, dated, and one of the code numbers in the list is placed next to the initials and circled. A ccpy of the list is placed in the front of each notebook for reference. Pencil or white out are not to be used under ary circumstances. Note at the bottom of Figure 11 the place for the witness or supervisor to sign. During audits, we have had many discussions about this. The consensus in the Office of Compliance Monitoring is, if there is a place for a signature, sign it. If this practice is not acceptable to the laboratory, an SOP should be developed to explain this deviation in the use of the form. 

A distinguishing characteristic of Total Diet Surveys like the NZTDS (Cressey et al., 2000) is that foods are analysed as normally consumed (e.g. bananas peeled, meat cooked etc.). They therefore frequently provide the most relevant means of assessing the consumer s exposure. A Total Diet Survey is essentially a public health risk assessment tool, and not a compliance monitoring tool. 

Only 20 different pesticide residues were detected in the 1997/98 NZTDS out of a screen of 90. Of these, none of the pesticide residue levels detected exceeded the New Zealand Food Regulations 1984 MRL, where one was listed for the specific food item. Of approximately 29,000 individual analytical pesticide residue results in the 1997/98 NZTDS, only 397 (1.4%) were detectable residues. Many of these detectable residues might not have been detected in a compliance monitoring programme, with the often higher limits of reporting. 

Pesticide residue compliance monitoring programmes analyse individual foods as purchased (i.e. bananas, including skin meat, raw, etc.). Because a smaller range of foods are generally targeted, sample numbers per commodity are generally more robust than in a TDS. Any pesticide residues found are checked for compliance with the MRL for that commodity, which has been set to reflect GAP. 

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