Fineness modulus

Spent foundry sand is thought of as a beneficial substitute for fine sand for use in portland cement concrete. Prior to acceptance of inclusion, test standards applied on conventional fine sand shall be referred to as the standards for spent foundry sand to compare the physical properties of conventional sand and spent foundry sand. The most important parameters are particle size distribution, fineness modulus, dust content, density, organics content, deleterious materials content, and grain shape. Although no spent foundry sand satisfies all of the specifications, foundry sand can be blended with conventional sand to be incorporated into the concrete matrix. The replacing ratio normally starts at one-third. 

Fig. 3.20 The effect of sand content on the air entrainment of concrete at two addition levels of air-entraining agent, the fineness modulus (FM) of the sand also being varied (Craven).

The fineness modulus was developed in an effort to correlate strength of concrete in terms of its component sizes. The fineness modulus is simply the sum of the percentages coarser in a given sieve-analysis divided by 100. In concrete work, fineness modulus is applied to the aggregate and the following Tyler Standard Scale sieves are used 100, 48, 28, 14, 8, 4, and 3/Vin., 3/4-in., and iy2-in. mesh. By using this series of sieves each sieve has a clear width opening double that of the next finest sieve, or one-half that of. the next coarsest sieve. 

Table 4-5 Comparison of Fineness Modulus by Weight and by Volume for a Typical Lightweight Aggregate...

Three types of responses to deicing scaling were observed depending on the content level of plastic in the concrete (Fig. 5). The first tendency is represented by PET, PP, LDPE and HDPEflake concretes. The fillers were all in flake form with approximately the same size and fineness modulus. These plastics increased the scaling when their level was increased in the concrete. The slope of the curves indicate that more than 4 percent of plastic would perhaps increase the scaling on the concrete surface. 

Figure 4.181 1 indicates the effect of the fineness modulus of sand on the strength of latex-modified mortars. The flexural and compressive strengths tend to increase with rising fineness modulus, that is, with increasing particle size of the sand, like unmodified mortar. 

Figure 4.18 Effects of fineness modulus of sand on flexural and compressive strengths of latex-modified mortars.

Aggregates Density (g/cm ) Fineness modulus Absorption (%) Unit volume weight (kg/m ) 0.08 mm sieve passing percentage (%)... 

Fine Pottery. Products similar to EARTHENWARE (q.v.) defined similarly by the combined nomenclature (q.v.) except that the body is made from a mixture of selected clays, to produce fine-grain, homogeneous porous body of water absorption > 5 wt %, coloured from yellow to brown or reddish brown. Fineness Modulus. Defined in USA as one-hundredth of the sum of the cumulative values for the amount of material retained on the series of Tyler or US sieves (excluding half sizes) up to 100 mesh. Example ... 

The raw materials used were Portland cement brand M400, quartz sand as a fine aggregate with a fineness modulus of 2.18 and water requirements of 7.5%, crushed granite stone as course aggregate with particle sizes of 5-10 mm (20%) and 10-20 mm (80%) and water requirements of 0.7%. 

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