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Optic neuritis

Toxicology. The acute oral and dermal toxicity of naphthalene is low with LD q values for rats from 1780—2500 mg/kg orally (41) and greater than 2000 mg/kg dermally. The inhalation of naphthalene vapors may cause headache, nausea, confusion, and profuse perspiration, and if exposure is severe, vomiting, optic neuritis, and hematuria may occur (28). Chronic exposure studies conducted by the NTP ia mice for two years showed that naphthalene caused irritation to the nasal passages, but no other overt toxicity was noted. Rabbits that received 1—2 g/d of naphthalene either orally or hypodermically developed changes ia the lens of the eye after a few days, foUowed by definite opacity of the lens after several days (41). Rare cases of such corneal epithelium damage ia humans have been reported (28). Naphthalene can be irritating to the skin, and hypersensitivity does occur. [Pg.486]

Optic neuritis (a decrease in visual acuity and changes in color perception), which appears to be related to the dose given and die duration of treatment, has occurred in some patients receiving ethambutol. Usually, tiiis adverse reaction disappears when the drug is discontinued. Other adverse reactions are dermatitis, pruritus, anaphylactoid reactions (unusual or exaggerated allergic reactions), joint pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. [Pg.111]

Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes, keratitis, allergic corneal marginal ulcers, herpes zoster of the eye, iritis, iridocyclitis, chorioretinitis, diffuse posterior uveitis, optic neuritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, anterior segment inflammation... [Pg.516]

Disulfiram produces a variety of adverse effects, which commonly include drowsiness, lethargy, and fatigue (Chick 1999). Other more serious adverse effects, such as optic neuritis, peripheral neuropathy, and hepatotoxicity, are rare. Psychiatric effects of disulfiram are also uncommon. They probably occur only at higher dosages of the drug and may result from the inhibition by disulfiram of a variety of enzymes in addition to ALDH. Included among the enzymes inhibited by disulfiram is dopamine P-hydroxylase, inhibition of which increases dopamine levels, which in turn can exacerbate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and occasionally may result in psychotic or depressive symptoms in patients without schizophrenia. [Pg.20]

Guy, J., Ellis, E., Hope, G. and Rao, N.A. (1989b). Antioxidant enzymes reduce loss of blood-brain barrier integrity m experimental optic neuritis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 107, 1359-1363. [Pg.140]

Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) are indicated in patients who have failed an adequate trial of DMARD therapy.1 BRMs may be added to DMARD monotherapy (i.e., methotrexate) or replace ineffective DMARD therapy.22 The decision to select a particular agent generally is based on the prescriber s comfort level with monitoring the safety and efficacy of the medications, the frequency and route of administration, the patient s comfort level or manual dexterity to self-administer subcutaneous injections, the cost, and the availability of insurance coverage.23 In general, BRMs should be avoided in patients with serious infections, demyelinating disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis) or heart failure.21... [Pg.874]

Optic neuritis Usually monocular central visual acuity loss and ocular/periorbital pain caused by demyelination of the optic nerve. [Pg.1572]

Gl intolerance, optic neuritis, peripheral neuritis Rash, Gl intolerance Neutropenia, discolored urine, uveitis Gl intolerance... [Pg.459]

Isoniazid is bactericidal against growing M. tuberculosis. Its mechanism of action remains unclear. (In the bacterium it is converted to isonicotinic acid, which is membrane impermeable, hence likely to accumulate intracellu-larly.) Isoniazid is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. In the liver, it is inactivated by acetylation, the rate of which is genetically controlled and shows a characteristic distribution in different ethnic groups (fast vs. slow acetylators). Notable adverse effects are peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis preventable by administration of vitamin Be (pyridoxine) hepatitis, jaundice. [Pg.280]

Ocular lesions Ocular lesions such as optic neuritis or retinal thrombosis have been associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives. [Pg.216]

Optic neuritis Optic neuritis has been reported rarely. [Pg.1705]

Miscellaneous Optic neuritis, superinfections caused by resistant organisms. Monohydrate/macrocrystals In clinical trials of monohydrate/macrocrystals, the most frequent adverse reactions that were reported as possibly or probably drug-related were nausea (8%), headache (6%), and flatulence (1.5%). Additional clinical adverse reactions reported as possibly or probably drug-related occurred in less than 1% of patients studied and are listed below ... [Pg.1706]

Adverse reactions include pyridoxine deficiency hyperglycemia gynecomastia peripheral neuropathy convulsions optic neuritis and atrophy memory impairment ... [Pg.1714]

Hypersensitivity to ethambutol known optic neuritis, unless clinical judgment determines that it may be used. [Pg.1720]

Hypersensitivity Fever, skin eruptions of various types, including exfoliative dermatitis, infectious mononucleosis-like, or lymphoma-like syndrome, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hepatitis, pericarditis, hypoglycemia, optic neuritis, encephalopathy, Leoffler s syndrome, vasculitis, and a reduction in prothrombin. [Pg.1723]

Adverse reactions may include the following Depression drowsiness and asthenia convulsions peripheral neuritis and neuropathy olfactory disturbances blurred vision diplopia optic neuritis dizziness headache restlessness tremors ... [Pg.1724]

Retinal changes and optic neuritis Retinal changes and optic neuritis have been reported in adult and pediatric patients. Consider periodic retinal examinations for patients receiving didanosine. [Pg.1847]

A serious toxicity of didanosine is pancreatitis, which may be fatal (see Warnings). Other important toxicities include lactic acidosis/severe hepatomegaly with steatosis retinal changes and optic neuritis and peripheral neuropathy (see Warnings and Precautions). [Pg.1848]

Ophthaimoiogic disorders Decrease or loss of vision, retinopathy (including macular edema, retinal artery or vein thrombosis), retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots, optic neuritis, and papilledema are induced or aggravated by treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a or other alpha interferons. All patients should receive an eye examination at baseline. [Pg.1990]

Neurologic events Infliximab and other agents that inhibit TNF have been associated in rare cases with optic neuritis, seizure, and new onset or exacerbation of clinical symptoms or radiographic evidence of CNS demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis and CNS manifestations of systemic vasculitis. Exercise caution in considering the use of infliximab in patients with pre-existing or... [Pg.2018]

Ophthalmic Conjunctivitis optic neuritis photophobia eyelid inflammation corneal opacities (see Warnings) cataracts visual disturbances color vision disorder keratitis dry eyes decreased night vision that may persist. [Pg.2040]

Ethambutol (Myambutel) [Antitubercular Agent] Uses Pulm TB other mycobacterial Infxns, MAC Action i RNA synth Dose Adults Feds >12 y. 15-25 mg/kg/d PO single dose X in renal impair, take w/ food, avoid antacids Caution [B, +] Contra Unconscious pts, optic neuritis Disp Tabs SE HA, hyperuricemia, acute gout, abd pain, T LFTs, optic neuritis, GI upset Interactions T Neurotox W/ neurotoxic drugs X effects W/ A1 salts EMS May affect glucose (hypoglycemia) may cause vision problems OD Sxs unknown activated charcoal may be effective symptomatic and supportive... [Pg.157]

Gallium Nitrate (Ganite) [Hormone] Uses t Ca of malignancy bladdCT CA Action -1- bone resorption of Ca Dose t Ca 200 mg/mVd X 5 d CA 350 mg/m cont inf X 5 d to 700 mg/m rapid IV inf q2wk in antineoplastic settings (pCT protocols) Caution [C, ] Do not give w/ live or rotavirus vaccine Contra SCr >2.5 mg/dL Disp Inj SE Renal insuff, -1- Ca, hypophosphatemia, -1- bicarb, <1% acute optic neuritis Interactions t Risks of nephrotox amphotCTicin B,... [Pg.175]

Hyperkalemia Tubular necrosis Sleep disorders Optic neuritis... [Pg.277]

CNS toxicity occurs because isoniazid has structural similarities to pyridoxine (vitamin Be) and can inhibit its actions. This toxicity is dose-related and more common in slow acetylators. Manifestations include peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, ataxia, psychosis and seizures. The administration of pyridoxine to patients receiving INH does not interfere with the tuberculostatic action of INH but it prevents and can even reverse neuritis. Hematological effects include anaemia which is also responsive to pyridoxine. In some 20% of patients antinuclear antibodies can be detected but only in a minority of these patients drug-induced lupus erythematosus becomes manifest. [Pg.417]

Ethambutol (child 6 years or older) 15 mg/kg orally, for 2 months (child 6 years or older) 45 mg/kg orally, for 2 months (child 6 years or older) 30 mg/kg oraUy, for 2 months Optic neuritis Not recommended for children too young to be monitored for changes in vision... [Pg.565]

A. Ethambutol is associated with retrobulbar neuritis, resulting in loss of central vision and impaired red-green discrimination. Ethionamide (B) is an analogue of isonicotinic acid and is associated with GI intolerance and peripheral neuropathy, but not the optic neuritis or color vision discrimination problems. Aminosalicylic acid (C) can cause GI irritation and bleeding problems, so caution is required in peptic ulcer patients. It has no neurological side effects. Rifampin (D) is associated with red-orange discoloration of saliva, tears, and urine but not the color vision problems. Isoniazid (E) is associated with peripheral neuritis in chronic alcoholics and malnourished individuals and requires pyridoxine supplements. It is not associated with optic neuritis. [Pg.565]

The most common adverse effect produced by didanosine is diarrhea. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and dose-related peripheral neuropathy may occur. Pancreatitis occurs rarely, as do hyperuricemia, bone marrow suppression, retinal depigmentation, and optical neuritis. Resistance to didanosine appears to result from mutations different from those responsible for zidovudine resistance. [Pg.587]

Peripheral neuritis (numbness and weakness in feet and hands), rash, shortness of breath, confusion, headache, optic neuritis (blurred vision, eye pain)... [Pg.244]

Peripheral neuropathy, potentially fatal pancreatitis, retinal changes, and optic neuritis are the major toxic effects. [Pg.362]


See other pages where Optic neuritis is mentioned: [Pg.170]    [Pg.1250]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.435]    [Pg.544]    [Pg.957]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.474]    [Pg.2011]    [Pg.484]    [Pg.628]    [Pg.472]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.397 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.132 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.438 ]




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