Ocular toxicity lesions

Despite these reservations, we may conclude that the maximal exposure to 34pg/kg/day of iodate through the use of iodized salt should present no risk for functional or structural lesions. This dose is lower than the peroral NOEL for reproductive toxicology of iodine itself (2-3 mg/kg/day) by a factor of 100, the usual safety factor for establishing acceptable daily intakes (ADI) (Beckmann and Brent, 1984). Ocular toxicity, in particular, is most unlikely to occur since repeated oral exposures to 100 mg/ kg in dogs have failed to induce retinal damage (Webster et ai, 1966). Contrary to Pahuja et, however, we... 

Whether or not toxic effects are reversible depends on the nature, extent, and intensity of damage. Most lesions, if reversible, will heal or clear within 21 days. Therefore, if ocular irritation is present at the 14-day reading, a 21-day reading is required to determine whether the ocular damage is reversible or nonreversible. 

This acidic characteristic may be only slightly outstanding indeed. But a high concentration of phenol can generate severe corrosion lesions. Once again, the toxicity of the phenolate ion completes the deletery mechanism of destruction of the ocular tissues. 

The immediate or secondary necrosis (by more progressive diffusion into depth or by concomitant toxic effect) explain the macroscopic lesions of the tissues of the various eye structures (eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, even iris or the ocular lens) that are specific to the chemical bum. 

Key to toxicological effects C = Carcinogenic H = Hepatotoxic RT = Renal toxic G = Genotoxic D = Developmental M = Mutagenic MD = Metabolic disturbance N = Neurotoxic OL = Ocular lesions A = Aspermatogenesis HPP = Hepatic peroxisome proliferation F = Fetotoxic TP = Tumor promoter Cl = clastogenic. 

The second exception is that while an antidote is available for systemic effects of Lewisite exposure, there are no antidotes for nitrogen mustard or sulfur mustard toxicity, with one minor caveat if given within minutes after exposure, intravenous sodium thiosulfate may prevent death due to sulfur mustard exposure (25). Otherwise, the medical management for skin, ocular, and respiratory exposure is only supportive. One guideline physicians can follow is to keep skin, eye, and airway lesions free from infection. 

Khurrum, M.A., Ahmad, H.S., 1987. Long-term follow up of ocular lesions of methyl isocyanate gas disaster in Bhopal. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 35, 136-137. Kimmerle, G., Eben, A., 1964. Zur toxicitat von methylisocyanat und dessen quantitativer bestimung in der luft. [Toxicity of methyl isocyanate and its quantitation in the air]. Archiv. Toxikol. 20, 235-241. 

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