Operator access

Multielevation piperacks are usually needed to handle all the required services for piping, electrical, utilities, and instmmentation. The two-level rack is one of the most common but three-level ones are also used. The utility lines are usually mn in the upper level and the process lines in the lower levels. The larger-diameter lines are located to the outside of the rack to be closest to the column supports. Access platforms are required at the battery limit to provide operators access to the block valves and blinds. If long mns of hot pipe are required, a portion of the pipe rack needs to be dedicated to an expansion loop. A horizontal space in the piperack is provided for a set of lines to be flat-turned into a set of expansion loops with the large pipes located on the outside. AH of the pipe turns are in the same horizontal plane, which is an exception to normal piping practice. A flat turn takes up and blocks space for other pipes. Flat turns are generally only made from the outside of the rack to minimize this blockage. 

The potential for interference with the normal operation and maintenance of a process vessel is high. A major design effort is required to overcome this disadvantage. All aspects of the process vessel operation must be considered. Lines of sight for process vessel and crane operators, access for crane-held ladles and buckets, process vessel movements, and maintenance access must be accommodated by the enclosure design. This is more easily achieved in a new installation. 

A sufficient number of access doors, ladders and walkways shall be provided for safe and easy accessibility to internals and mechanical equipment of the tower for inspection and maintenance. Access doors shall be tight, resistant and easy to operate. Access ladders from the ground should be located in such a position to permit future cell addition. 

Ordinarily, present within the preparation area are localized areas of ISO 5 unidirectional airflow (Class 100) utilized to protect washed components prior to sterilization and/or depyrogenation. These areas are not aseptic and should not be subjected to the more rigorous microbial expectations of aseptic processing. They are designed to reduce/eliminate the potential for particle contamination of unwrapped washed materials. Operators accessing these protective zones wear gloves at all times when handling materials. 

In view of the radiological safety the personal contact with operating installation should be minimized. The location of data acquisition and control systems has to be planned in separate room, away from places of potential contamination. However, the necessity of eventual periodic sampling has to be taken into account, too. The sampling points have to be located in the places with easy operator access and arranged in a way eliminating leaks and contamination. 

Field mounted shared display device with limited access to adjustments Shared display device with operator access to adjustments... 

The P and I diagram shows all the components that make up a control loop. For example. Figure 5.8 shows a field-located pressure transmitter connected to a shared display pressure indicator-controller with operator access to adjustments and high and low alarms. The pressure controller sends an electric signal to a fail-closed diaphragm-actuated pressure control valve. 

Operator access to the system should be password protected... 

Standardization can become an issue Each system s capacity can become a limiting factor Many common components need to be reproduced Marginal needs can be rarely satisfied Control packages are frequently limited in size, scope, and capability Operator access and screen displays may be limited, cumbersome, or less useful than desired Data gathering and storage capabilities may be limited... 

The PROTECT architecture consists of sensors deployed in various subway stations, complemented by closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras that have automated and manual pan-tilt-zoom capabilities. These sensor and camera combinations provide data continuously to a centralized chemical-biological emergency management information system (CB-EMIS developed by Argonne National Laboratory) located in a centralized WMATA operations control center. In addition to the sensor and video data from the stations, train operation data and ambient meteorological data are also ported to the CB-EMIS system. Under normal operations, CB-EMIS can provide operator access to the multiple fixed and movable cameras throughout the metro system to assist law enforcement officers or firefighters. It also monitors the status of the sensor systems deployed in the metro. 

See Amnesty Intemationeil, 2014 Afghanistan No justice for thousands of civilians Idlled in US/NATO operations , (11 August 2014) https //www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2014/08/ afghanistan-no-justice-thoustmds-civihans-ldlled-usnato-operations/ (accessed 6 May 2015). 

Review of surrounding plants/facilities Existing pipe racks Maintenance and operations access Sewers and storm water drainage Existing fire and radiation circles Hazardous chemical releases from upwind locations Existing electrical area classification Close access to substations... 

Side loading provides good operator access to manually strip the occasional problematic cathode,... 

The member-of. ) and member-pointed-toward (->) operators are used to access members of structures. Forex-ample, if box is a structure variable with a member named TopRight, then the reference box.TopRight (the period in the expression is the member-of operator) accesses the TopRight member of the box structure. The difference between these two operators is that the member-of operator expects the item to its left to be a structure variable, while the member-pointed-toward operator expects the item to its left to be a pointer to a structure. Both operators expect that the item to the right is the name of a member of the structure. 

Name four types of guarding used to prevent operator access to dangerous parts of a power press. 

Interventional angiographic techniques now play a key role in the modern approach to traumatic hemor-rhagicinj uries. Indications for angiographicexplora-tion in a trauma victim include (a) musculoskeletal injury, associated with hemodynamic instability and not responding to stabilization (pelvic binder/trac-tion) (b) wide-impact blunt trauma (c) penetrating trauma, especially with a trans-axial wound-tract, or when more than one anatomic region is involved (d) difficult operative access to a suspected injury ... 

Safety interlocks, common to machinery, provide a means either of preventing operator access to a hazardous area until the hazard is removed or of automatically removing the hazardous condition (i.e., electric shock, moving parts) when access is gained. Safety interlocks have special requirements, such as fail-safe design, positive opening, and nonoverridable type. 

Falling from stacked equipment or materials Worker error/inattention during storage operation Access to top of stacks is required very infrequently. 

Tissington, R, Flin, R. (2004) Assessing risk in dynamic situations Lessons from fire service operations. Accessed, from www.abs.aston.ac.uk/newweb/research/ publications/docs/RP0432.pdf... 

This may not be possible for structures where access to concrete surfaces is limited like bridges in operation (accessible from below only and not from the pavement), retaining walls, foundations, piles etc. In those cases accuracy in quantitative analysis results will decrease unless sensors are combined to an array. 

Ergonomics of operation, in particular, adequate operator access. 

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