Plane horizontal

Figure 8.16 Stable and unstable displacement in the horizontal plane...

Cusping occurs in the horizontal plane, that is the stabilised OWC does not lie directly beneath the producing well. The unwanted fluid, in this case water, is pulled towards the producing well along the dip of the formation. 

Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the vibrometer, in which the most sensible to small phase variations interferometric scheme is employed. It consists of the microwave and the display units. The display unit consists of the power supply 1, controller 2 of the phase modulator 3, microprocessor unit 9 and low-frequency amplifier 10. The microwave unit contains the electromechanical phase modulator 3, a solid-state microwave oscillator 4, an attenuator 5, a bidirectional coupler 6, a horn antenna 7 and a microwave detector 11. The horn antenna is used for transmitting the microwave and receiving the reflected signal, which is mixed with the reference signal in the bidirectional coupler. In the reference channel the electromechanical phase modulator is used to provide automatic calibration of the instrument. To adjust the antenna beam to the object under test, the microwave unit is placed on the platform which can be shifted in vertical and horizontal planes. 

For any region of the horizontal plane with dimensions Ar 2 unifomi background rate is... 

The vertical recessed plate automatic press is shown schematically in Figure 15. Unlike the conventional filter press with plates hanging down and linked in a horizontal direction, this filter press has the plates in a horizontal plane placed one upon another. This design offers semicontinuous operation, saving in floor space, and easy cleaning of the cloth, but it allows only the lower face of each chamber to be used for filtration. 

The Sweedand filter, a significant departure from the standard end-opening design, has the cylindrical shell spHt in a horizontal plane into two parts, where the bottom half can be swung open for cake discharge. The upper half is rigidly supported and both the feed and the filtrate piping are fixed to it. 

Cup anemometers have shaped cups mounted on the spokes of a wheel. The cups, under the action of the fluid forces, spin in a horizontal plane about a vertical shaft mounted in bearings. Vane or propeller types use a multibladed rotor, the axis of which is parallel to the flow direction as the rotating member. Both designs are commonly used for wind speed measurement or similar appHcations such as the velocity in ventilation ducts. Because of inertia, anemometers are most accurate under steady conditions. Velocity fluctuations cause readings that are too high. 

Horizontal rotary machines employ multiple molds in a horizontal plane on a rotary turret. As each mold approaches the extmder die exit, it opens to accept the parison and then closes. The parison is then blown into the bottle shape. The extmder must extmde on an intermittent basis or be intermittently withdrawn to provide a parison for each passing mold. 

The saddle-shaped configuration (Fig. 22c) is the most efficient configuration for linear channels. The two saddle shaped cods are located parallel to each other the MHD channel is located in the gap between the two cods. The longitudinal part of the conductors Hes parallel to the direction of flow in the MHD channel, the direction of the field being transverse to the flow in the horizontal plane. This configuration is the most efficient in its use of magnetic... 

Multielevation piperacks are usually needed to handle all the required services for piping, electrical, utilities, and instmmentation. The two-level rack is one of the most common but three-level ones are also used. The utility lines are usually mn in the upper level and the process lines in the lower levels. The larger-diameter lines are located to the outside of the rack to be closest to the column supports. Access platforms are required at the battery limit to provide operators access to the block valves and blinds. If long mns of hot pipe are required, a portion of the pipe rack needs to be dedicated to an expansion loop. A horizontal space in the piperack is provided for a set of lines to be flat-turned into a set of expansion loops with the large pipes located on the outside. AH of the pipe turns are in the same horizontal plane, which is an exception to normal piping practice. A flat turn takes up and blocks space for other pipes. Flat turns are generally only made from the outside of the rack to minimize this blockage. 

The proper installation of both orifice plates and Venturi-type flow tubes requires a length of straight pipe upstream and downstream of the sensor, ie, a meter mn. The pressure taps and connections for the differential pressure transmitter should be located so as to prevent the accumulation of vapor when measuring a Hquid and the accumulation of Hquid when measuring a vapor. For example, for a Hquid flow measurement in a horizontal pipe, the taps are located in the horizontal plane so that the differential pressure transmitter is either close-coupled or connected through downward sloping connections to allow any trapped vapor to escape. For a vapor measurement in a horizontal pipe, the taps should be located on the top of the pipe and have upward sloping connections to allow trapped Hquid to drain. 

Asphalt-coated glass fiber venting base sheet with fine mineral surfacing on the top side and coarse granules on the bottom side perforated/embossed or not. The coarse granules provide an open, porous channel in the horizontal plane (5,11). 

Example 1 Force Exerted on a Reducing Bend An incompressible fluid flows through a reducing elbow (Fig. 6-5) situated in a horizontal plane. The inlet velocity Vj is given and the pressures pi and measured. 

The area that is theoretically available for separation is equal to the sum of the projected areas or all channels on the horizontal plane. Figure 18-88 shows the horizontally projected area A, of a single channel in a clarifier of unit width. If X is the uniform distance between plates (measured perpendicularly to the plate surface), the clarifier will contain sin Ci/X channels per unit length and an effective collection area per unit clarifier length of A, sin O/X, where Ot is the angle of inclination of the plates to the horizontal. It follows that the total horizontally projected plate area per unit volume of sludge in the clarifier Aj is... 

Flat giizzlie.s. These, in which the parallel bars are in a horizontal plane, are used on tops of ore and coaf bins and under unloading trestles. This type of grizdy is used to retain occasional pieces too large for the following plant equipment. These lumps must then be broken up or removed manually. 

Weight of pulley on motor shaft (kg) Magnitude of pulley force P (kgf or N) Inclination /3of the pulley system to the horizontal plane as shown in Figure 8.18. 

The solar azimuth to is the angle between south and the direction toward the sun in a horizontal plane ... 

Put the vacuum system control valves at the highest point of a horizontal run and the control valve bypass in the same horizontal plane. This is in compliance with item 8. 

Rather than bearing an infinite stress at the crack tip, yielding occurs resulting in a volume of inelastically deformed material along the crack front called the process zone, as shown in Fig. 2. The size of the inelastic zone, r j , under a monotonic tensile stress, o , can be approximated by substituting o = Oj into eq. 2 for the horizontal plane, 0 = 0... 

X = X axis extending horizontally in the direction of mean wind y = y axis in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the x axis z = z axis extending vertically... 

The angle of repose is defined as the angle between a line of repose of loose material and a horizontal plane. Its value depends on the magnitude of friction and adhesion between particles and determines the mobility of loose solids, which is a critical parameter in designing conical discharge and feeding nozzles and in... 

Piping to Burners - First and second stage piping and headers, as well as the burner lines themselves, are sized to minimize pressure drop and velocity effects. Thus, maldistribution of flow to the burners will be minimized. The burner lines are fabricated from standard 1(X) mm pipe, and are arranged in a split grid layout with distribution headers and split feed lines on opposite sides, for both first and second stage burners. First and second stage headers must be sloped so that any condensate will drain back to the seal drums. However, the burner lines must be accurately installed in a horizontal plane. 

Buoyancy forces influence the trajectory of horizontally projected air jets or air jets supplied at some angle to the horizontal plane (Fig. 7.24). Most nonisothermal air jet studies were devoted to horizontally projected compact air jets. Based on the analytical studies, 42,77-80 trajectory axis of inclined jets can be described by a polynomial function... 

The opening to the exhaust duct is either a horizontal rectangular exhaust opening facing down (with air direction upward) or one or more slots con nected to the exhaust duct. These slots should preferably also be placed horizontally, facing down, but could be at some angle to the horizontal plane. 

The exhaust flow rate influences the flow of the jets and some reports recommend a ratio of supply airflow rate to exhaust airflow rate of approximately 0.3. A ratio of 0.2 is unsteady and ratios larger than 0.4 have not been studied. In the cases that have been studied, the exhaust opening was 80 mm in diameter, the distance between the horizontal planes was 750 mm, the tubes were placed in a square w ith side length equal to 670 mm, and the inward angles of the jets were 10 degrees. This configuration resulted in better capture of hot gases than use of an exhaust system alone. 

Theoretically, for a particle of a given size that moves in the highly rotating fluid flow in a cyclone, a particular radial orbit position may be found in every horizontal plane of the cyclone where the outward centrifugal force is just balanced by the drag exerted on the particle by the radial inward fluid flow. If Stokes s law (13.16) is assumed, then the position of the equilibrium orbit on each horizontal plane of the cyclone may be obtained and is given by... 

Air spread The maximum horizontal distance between two vertical or horizontal planes of equal velocity in a jet, tangential to the supply envelope from the ATD. 

Drop of jet The vertical distance between the lowest horizontal plane tangent to a specified isovel and the center of the core of an air jet. 

---