Trauma blunt

Mechanical agents physical trauma blunt, repeated trauma ... 

Blunt trauma to eye Macular edema Retinal detachment Sudden congestive proptosis (bulging of eye forward) Corneal ulcer Corneal abrasion... 

Peritonitis may be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary peritonitis, also called spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, is an infection of the peritoneal cavity without an evident source of bacteria from the abdomen.1,2 In secondary peritonitis, a focal disease process is evident within the abdomen. Secondary peritonitis may involve perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (possibly because of ulceration, ischemia, or obstruction), postoperative peritonitis, or posttraumatic peritonitis (e.g., blunt or penetrating trauma). Tertiary peritonitis occurs in critically ill patients and is infection that persists or recurs at least 48 hours after apparently adequate management of primary or secondary peritonitis. 

Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27 355-373. Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, et al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 1992 215 503-513. 

Blunt abdominal trauma with rupture of intestine Penetrating abdominal trauma Iatrogenic intestinal perforation (endoscopy)... 

Bowel injuries caused by penetrating, blunt, or iatrogenic trauma that are repaired within 12 hours and intraoperative contamination of the operative field by enteric contents under other circumstances should be treated with antibiotics 24 hours. 

The idea of reduced adrenal capacity as a possible model for PTSD has also been recently raised by Heim et ah, who concluded that low cortisol may not be a unique feature of PTSD, but may represent a more universal phenomenon related to bodily disorders, having an etiology related to chronic stress (Heim et al. 2000). There are numerous stress-related disorders such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pain syndromes, and other disorders that are characterized by hypocortisolism. In one study, Heim et al. showed decreased cortisol responses to low-dose DEX, but failed to observe blunted ACTH responses to CRF in women with chronic pelvic pain, some of whom had PTSD, compared to women with infertility (Heim et al. 1998). Since the data were not analyzed on the basis of the subgroup with and without trauma and/or PTSD, it is not possible to directly compare results of that study to other reports examining PTSD directly. 

The vast majority of ventricular septal defects (VSD) are congenital. Acquired VSDs are almost always a consequence of septal rupture following myocardial infarction, traumatic VSDs as a consequence of sharp or blunt chest trauma are exceptionally rare. Typically the post myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (PMIVSD) occurs within the first week after the event (41). In the current era of thrombolysis about 0.2% of patients develop a VSD as a result of septal necrosis. Medical management of these patients is limited and carries a 30-day mortality of 94% compared with 47% who were treated surgically (42). 

The second example is from a mixed biological/physical problem. It deals with the probability that blunt trauma to the chest or abdomen would be lethal to man. It has been used to assess the hazard of large ballistic projectiles moving at moderate velocity, the hazard behind body armor which has stopped a handgun bullet, etc. 

Sturdivan, L. M. "Modeling in Blunt Trauma Research", Second Annual Soft Body Armor Symposium, Miami Beach, FL, Sept 1976. 

Penetrating and blunt injuries are commonly sustained following an explosion therefore, standard Advanced Trauma Life Supporf and Advanced Cardiac Life Support principles can be applied. Llowever, unique injuries occur due to the mechanism of blast waves. 

Many health care practitioners have the knowledge and skill sets required to care for blunt and penetrating trauma from motor vehicle accidents, falls, gunshot wounds, and the like however, few have cared for survivors of an explosion. Whether the result of an industrial accident or a terrorist attack, explosions produce casualties that will present with blunt and penetrating... 

The body armor described here is constructed of DuPont Kevlar Fabric. This cloth is woven from strands of Kevlar Aramid Fiber, a material developed by DuPont as a replacement for steel wire belted radial tires.This material is lighter than ballistic nylon and pound for pound it s several times as strong as steel. When Kevlar is used in multiple layers, it can effectively stop bullet penetration and greatly reduce internal injuries from blunt trauma. Finished armor pads are light, flexible and easily concealed. 

The cytokine transporters are not static but respond to physiological and pathological events. The transport rates of IL-1 and TNF each shov diurnal variations (Pan et al., 2002 Banks et al., 1998b). The hansport rate of TNF is altered in animals with experimental allergic/autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), spinal cord injury, or blunt trauma to the brain (Pan et al., 1996 Pan et al., 1997a Pan and Kastin, 2001b Pan et al., 2003b). 

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