Olive analysis

When a reaction has many participants, which may be the case even of apparently simple processes like pyrolysis of ethane or synthesis of methanol, a factorial or other experimental design can be made and the data subjected to a re.spon.se. suiface analysis (Davies, Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments, Oliver Boyd, 1954). A quadratic of this type for the variables X, Xo, and X3 is... 

G. P. Blanch, J. Villen and M. Heiraiz, Rapid analysis of free eiytlnodiol and uvaol in olive oils by coupled reversed phase liquid clnomatogi aphy-gas clnomatography , 7. Agric. Food Chem. 46 1027-1030 (1998). 

D. L. Allen, K. S. Scott and J. S. Oliver, Comparison of solid-phase extraction and supercritical fluid exti action for the analysis of moipliine in whole blood , 7. Anal. Toxicol. 23 216-218 (1999). 

Figure 12.1 Analysis of Tinuvin 1577 in 30% virgin olive oil (in hexane), showing (a) the gas cliromatogram comparing the pure oil with a sample at the Tinuvin 1577 detection limit concentration, and (b) the coixesponding liquid chromatogram. Reprinted from Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 20, A. L. Baner and A. Guggenberger, Analysis of Tinuvin 1577 polymer additive in edible oils using on-line coupled HPLC-GC , pp. 669-673, 1997, with pennission from Wiley-VCH.

O. L. Davies, Statistical Methods in Research and Production with Special Reference to the Chemical Industry, Oliver and Boyd, London, and Hafner Publishing Company, New York, second edition revised, 1954, especially Chapter 5. C. A. Bennett and N. L. Franklin, Statistical Analysis, Chapter 7. 

The Oliver-Pharr data analysis procedure [59] begins by fitting the unloading curve to the power-law relation... 

Seligson s group (95) has published a similar turbidimetric procedure but used nephelometry to measure continuously the effect of lipase on the light scattering of an olive oil emulsion. The instrumentation and approach is the same as that described above for the nephelometric determination of amylase. The method according to the authors is fast and precise with good specificity and sensitivity. The short time required for analysis makes it suitable for emergency use. The technical simplicity permits this method to be easily automated, and it appears to be the lipase method of choice. 

Analytical results are often represented in a data table, e.g., a table of the fatty acid compositions of a set of olive oils. Such a table is called a two-way multivariate data table. Because some olive oils may originate from the same region and others from a different one, the complete table has to be studied as a whole instead as a collection of individual samples, i.e., the results of each sample are interpreted in the context of the results obtained for the other samples. For example, one may ask for natural groupings of the samples in clusters with a common property, namely a similar fatty acid composition. This is the objective of cluster analysis (Chapter 30), which is one of the techniques of unsupervised pattern recognition. The results of the clustering do not depend on the way the results have been arranged in the table, i.e., the order of the objects (rows) or the order of the fatty acids (columns). In fact, the order of the variables or objects has no particular meaning. 

Procrustes analysis is a method for relating two sets of multivariate observations, say X and Y. For example, one may wish to compare the results in Table 35.1 and Table 35.2 in order to find out to what extent the results from both panels agree, e.g., regarding the similarity of certain olive oils and the dissimilarity of others. Procrustes analysis has a strong geometric interpretation. The... 

When there are many samples and many attributes the comparison of profiles becomes cumbersome, whether graphically or by means of analysis of variance on all the attributes. In that case, PCA in combination with a biplot (see Sections 17.4 and 31.2) can be a most effective tool for the exploration of the data. However, it does not allow for hypothesis testing. Figure 38.8 shows a biplot of the panel-average QDA results of 16 olive oils and 7 appearance attributes. The biplot of the... 

The application of 13C NMR for the rapid analysis of the oil composition of oil seeds is well known [16], 13C NMR has recently been applied to the quantitative analysis of the most abundant fatty acids in olive oil [17]. The values obtained by this method differed by only up to 5% compared with GLC analysis. The quantitative analysis was applied to the olefmic region of the high resolution 13C NMR spectrum of virgin olive oil to detect adulteration by other oils which differed significantly in their fatty acid composition. The application of the methodology for the detection of adulteration of olive oil by hazelnut oil is more challenging as both oils have similar chemical profiles and further experiments are in progress. 

Castrillo, J. L. Hayes, A. Mohammed, S. Gaskell, S. J. Oliver, S. G. An optimized protocol for metabolome analysis in yeast using direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry 2003, 62, 929-937. 

The first application of ANNs to pyrolysis mass spectra from biological samples was by Goodacre, Kell, and Bianchi.96,97 This study permitted the rapid and exquisitely sensitive assessment of the adulteration of extra-virgin olive oils with various seed oils, a task that previously was labor intensive and difficult. Since this study other laboratories have increasingly sought to apply ANNs to the deconvolution and interpretation of pyrolysis mass spectra, the aim being to expand the application of the PyMS technique from microbial characterisation to the rapid and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents of microbial and other biological samples. 

Results of the analysis are proposed in Table 8. Cultivation gives an important contribution to the final impact of truffle sauce, while truffle production has a reduced impact, because it is a very extensive production. Olive trees cultivation uses fertilizers, diesel fuel for field operations, electricity for the olives harvest, herbicides and pesticides. 

Gunnell, D, SE Oliver, TJ Peters et al. 2003. Are diet-prostate cancer associations mediated by the IGF axis A cross-sectional analysis of diet, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in healthy middle-aged men. Br J Cancer 88(11) 1682-1686. 

K. Kimpe, P.A. Jacobs, M. Waelkens, Analysis of oil used in late Roman oil lamps with different mass spectrometric techniques revealed the presence of predominantly olive oil together with traces of animal fat, Journal of Chromatography A, 937, 87 95 (2001). 

Brancia, F.L., Oliver, S.G., and Gaskell, S.J. (2000) Improved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic hydrolysates of proteins following guanidination of lysine-containing peptides. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 14, 2070-2073. 

Stump, R.F., Pfeiffer, J.R., Schneebeck, M.C., Seagrave, J.C., and Oliver, J.M. (1989) Mapping gold-labeled receptors on cell surfaces by backscattered electron imaging and digital image analysis Studies of the IgE receptor on mast cells. Am. J. Anat. 185, 128-141. 

Oliver, B. G., Niimi, A. J. (1988) Trophodynamic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Lake Ontario ecosystem. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 388-397. 

Corwen [58] used this method for the analysis of ketones and aldehydes in seawater. Halocarbons were similarly separated from environmental samples by Kaiser and Oliver [59]. There have been many other applications of the technique [60-69]. The major advantage of the headspace method is simplicity in handling the materials. At most, only one chemical, the salt used in the salting-out procedure, needs to be added and in most cases the headspace gas can be injected directly into a gas chromatograph or carbon analyser. On the other hand the concentration of organic materials present is limited by the volume of seawater in the sample bottle. This is very much a batch process. 

Kaiser and Oliver [218] applied dynamic purge and trap analysis to determine halocarbons in seawater. 

West, W.R., P.A. Smith, P.W. Stoker, G.M. Booth, T. Smith-Oliver, B.E. Butterworth, and M.L. Lee. 1984. Analysis and genotoxicity of a PAC-polluted river sediment. Pages 1395-1411 in M. Cooke and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mechanisms, Methods and Metabolism. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

OLIVER, S.G., WINSON, M.K., KELL, D.B., BAGANZ, F., Systematic functional analysis of the yeast genome, Trends Biotechnol., 1998,16, 373-378. 

We have shown that the vector mesons in the CFL phase have masses of the order of the color superconductive gap, A. On the other hand the solitons have masses proportional to F%/A and hence should play no role for the physics of the CFL phase at large chemical potential. We have noted that the product of the soliton mass and the vector meson mass is independent of the gap. This behavior reflects a form of electromagnetic duality in the sense of Montonen and Olive [29], We have predicted that the nucleon mass times the vector meson mass scales as the square of the pion decay constant at any nonzero chemical potential. In the presence of two or more scales provided by the underlying theory the spectrum of massive states shows very different behaviors which cannot be obtained by assuming a naive dimensional analysis. 

Olive oil Oil dissolved in hexane, then transferred to SPE column. Eluted with acetonitrile. Residue after drying cleaned up using Florisil. Hexane/benzene/ethyl acetate used to elute fraction for analysis. GC/ECD No data 101 Di Muccio et al. 1991... 

Durham RW, Oliver BG. 1983. History of Lake Ontario (Canada, USA) contamination from the Niagara river by sediment radiodating and chlorinated hydrocarbon analysis. Journal of Great Lakes Research 9(2) 160-168. 

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