Data table

Hydrochemical studies generate large amounts of data of different parameters obtained in the field and reported by various laboratories. The first stage in data processing is to organize the data into tables. This stage is important and warrants some thinking. Have a look at Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3. They contain the same data, but differ in their structure. Which of the three tables is impossible and which is most handy and most informative  

Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 

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Enonnous numbers of chemical shifts have been recorded, particularly for FI and Many algoritlnns for the prediction of shifts have been extracted from these, so that the spectra of most organic componnds can be predicted at a useful level of accuracy, usmg data tables available in several convenient texts [12, F3,14 and 15]. Alternatively, computer programs are available that store data from 10 -10 spectra and then use direct... 

On entering SigmaPlot (we use version 5.0), one is presented with a data table that is essentially a spreadsheet. Enter T as the independent or A -variable into the first eolumn of the SigmaPlot data table and Cp/T as the dependent or y-variable into the second column. The SigmaPlot data table should resemble columns 1 and 3 of Table 1-3. Rounding to three significant figures is permissible. 

The following data (Table 1) for molecules, including hydrocarbons, strained ring systems, molecules with heteroatoms, radicals, and ions comes from a review by Stewart.For most organic molecules, AMI reports heats of formation accurate to within a few kilocalories per mol. For some molecules (particularly inorganic compounds with several halogens, such asperchloryl fluoride, even the best semi-empirical method fails completely. 

The data were extracted from M. Lederer and V. S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, 7th ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1978 A. H. Wapstra and G. Audi, The 1983 Atomic Mass Evaluation, Nucl. Phys. A432 l-54 (1985) V. S. Shirley, ed.. Table of Radioactive Isotopes, 8th ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986 and P. Raghavan, Table of Nuclear Moments, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 42 189 (1989). 

N. Matsunami and co-workers, Data and Nuclear Data Tables 31, 1—84 (1984). 

Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis Process Equipment Reliability Data, with Data Tables Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety (Plant)... 

The rapid drop in solubiUty and increase in with increasing molecular weight are evident from these data. Table 13 Hsts typical levels of siUcones reported for aquatic samples, as well as terrestrial samples. 

George H. Thomson/ AlChE De.sign In stitute for Phy sical Propeiiy Data. (Tables 2-6, 2-30, 2-164, 2-193, 2-196, 2-198, 2-221)... 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds/ up to 1 atm Continued)... 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-309 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure, Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity, and Prandtl Number of R32 Gas... 

Comparative Company Data Table 9-24 gives comparative company data that have oeen compiled by Dun Bradstreet For various types of processing industries. The median value for each ratio is given. 

From eqiidibriiim data (Table 15-1) the extraction-solvent (MIBK) loss in the raffinate will be about 0.016/0.984 = 0.0163 kg MIBK/kg water, and the feed-solvent (water) loss in the extract will be about 5.4/85.7 = 0.0630 kg water/kg MIBK. 

The Guidelines for Process Equipment Reliability Data with Data Tables covers a variety of components used in the chemical process industry, including electrical equipment, analyzers, instrumentation and controls, detectors, heat exchangers, piping systems, rotating equipment (pump, compressor, and fan), valves, and fire protection systems. 

Guidelines for Process Equipment Reliability Data with Data Tables, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. 

Figure 7 provides an overview of reboiler selection choices. The accompanying notes provide information for a quick or first cut estimate of the appropriate type for a given application. Tables 2 - and 3 provide additional, more detailed, selection data. Table 2 gives advantages and disadvantages for all the major reboiler types. Table 3 is limited to thermosyphon types. 

D. D. Cohen and M. Harrigan. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. 33,... 

E. Everling, L. A. Koenig, J. H. E. Mattauch, and A. H. Wapstra. I960 Nuclear Data Tables. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, 1961, Part I. Comprehensive listing of Qvalues for reactions involving atoms with A < 66. 

CCPS, 1989b, Process Equipment Reliability Data (Table 4.1-1) is a compilation of chemical and nuclear data. It assesses failure rates for 75 types of chemical process equipment. A taxonomic classification is established and data such as the mean, median, upper and lower (95% and 5%) values, source of information, failure by time and failure by demands are presented. 

The first step is to reconstruct the data table to include derived mass fraction data and sums and quotients required for the calculation of mean. This is conveniently achieved by means of a spreadsheet. 

Both time-related failure rates and demand-related failure rates can apply to and be reported for many pieces of equipment. Both types of rates are included in some of the data tables in Chapter 5. If a piece of equipment is in continuous service, such as a transformer, the failure rate is dominated by time-related stresses compared to demand-related stresses. Other failure rates may be dominated by demands. Take a piece of wire and repeatedly bend it. With each bend its probability of catastrophic failure increases. In a relatively short time, if the bending is continued, the wire will fail. On the other hand, the same wire could be installed in a manner that would prevent mechanical bending demands. In this case, the occurrence of catastrophic wire breakage would be remote. In the first instance, the failure rate is dominated by demand stresses and in the second by time-related stresses, such as corrosion. 

This chapter provides summaries of seleeted data resourees available to the CPQRA praetitioner. These resourees are summarized in a eonsistent format that allows them to be easily reviewed and eompared. Those resources whieh are available to CCPS and contain equipment failure rate data of suffieient quality are used for the data tables in Seetion 5.5. 

Section 5.3, Data Table Presentation, illustrates the format used for data tables and explains the type of information contained. Data tables have been presented only for those data cells where data existed at that level in the taxonomy. These are listed by taxonomy number in the Data Cell Index, Table 5.2. 

SAIC provided much of the data used in this book from its proprietary files of previously analyzed and selected information. Since these data were primarily from the nuclear power industry, a literature search and industry survey described in Chapter 4 were conducted to locate other sources of data specific to the process equipment types in the CCPS Taxonomy. Candidate data resources identified through this effort were reviewed, and the appropriate ones were selected. Applicable failure rate data were extracted from them for the CCPS Generic Failure Rate Data Base. The resources that provided failure information are listed in Table 5.1 with data reference numbers used in the data tables to show where the data originated. 

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