Occupational physical hazards

Nelson, B. K., David L. Conover, and W. Gregory Lotz. (1994). Combined chemical, physical hazards make exposure harder to calculate. Occupational Safety and Health 63(6) 52 4. 

Oral anticoagulants are ordinarily contraindicated in the presence of active or past gastrointestinal ulceration thrombocytopenia hepatic or renal disease malignant hypertension recent brain, eye, or spinal cord surgery bacterial endocarditis chronic alcoholism and pregnancy. These agents also should not be prescribed for individuals with physically hazardous occupations. 

The intrinsic chemical and physical hazards, together with any maximum exposure limits (MELs) or occupational exposure standards (OESs), where appropriate. All chemical manufacturers provide data sheets listing the hazards associated with particular chemical compounds. 

See a/so Acids Aminoglycosides Behavioral Toxicology Corrosives Eye Irritancy Testing Metals Methanol Occupational Toxicology Organophosphates Physical Hazards Quinine Salicylates. 

Ford, M. T., Wiggins, B. K. (2012). Occupational-level interactions between physical hazards and cognitive ability and skill requirements in predicting incidence rates. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(3), 268-278. 

Table 3.1 represents the maximum amount of various classes of materials representing physical hazards allowed in a controlled area, e.g.., laboratories, for a Hazard Class 2 facility. Note that few laboratories will be considered Hazard C lass 2 occupancies. Mo st wiU beconsideredBusinessoccupancies, and the limits on flammables in these facilities will be governed by OSHA regulations. The limits for laboratories will be discussed in detail in a later section dedicated to flammable solvents. Similarly, Table 3.2 does the same for materials which represent health risks for a Hazard Class 4. One factor must be borne in mind, no flammable materials may be stored orused in a space that is below grade, i.e., in major part below ground level. 

If any of the ingredients which do not exceed the concentration limits in the previous paragraph could be released fiom the mixture such that they could exceed an established OSHA PEL, or an ACGIH threshold level value, or could represent an occupational health hazard, their chemical and common rrames must be given as well. The same information is also required for any ingredient in the mixture which poses a physical hazard (as opposed to a health hazard). 

A workplace exposure to an individual that may result in physical injury. Table P.2 highlights the most common construction physical hazards cited by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1991. 

It s believed that one out of every four workers in the United States comes into contact with hazardous chemicals on the job. These chemicals pose a wide range of health hazards such as irritation, sensitization, and carcinogenicity as well as physical hazards like flammability and corrosion. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) says that exposure to hazardous chemicals is one of the most serious threats facing American workers today. 

Hazard Communication — What Is GHS Hazard Communication — GHS Overview Hazard Communication — Container Labels Hazard Communication — Container Labels Alternate Hazard Communication — Outer Container Labels Hazard Communication — GHS Pictograms Hazard Communication—Health Hazards Hazard Communication—Safety Data Sheets Hazard Communication — Safety Data Sheets Alternate Hazard Communication—Other Hazards Hazard Communication—Physical Hazards Hazard Communication— Written Program Occupational Health — Carcinogens Occupational Health — Diesel Exhaust Occupational Health — Silicosis Safety Health Program Management — Employee Exposure and Medical Records... 

IHs categorize occupational health hazards into four categories, referred to as environmental stressors chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic. 

A combination of measures usually provides a safer and healthier workplace than relying on only one method. A strategy of combination of methods is given in Fig. 26.9. It combines quantity, occupational health hazard, task duration and physical form of the substance. 

Occupational health is concerned with physical and psychological hazards as well as chemical and biological hazards. The physical occupational hazards have been well-known for many years and the recent emphasis has been on the development of lower risk workplace environments. Physical hazards include topics such as electricity and manual handling which were covered in earlier chapters and noise, display screen equipment and radiation which are discussed in this chapter. 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). US regulation 29 CFR 1919.144, safety color code for marking physical hazards.Washington, DC Department of Labor, OSHA 1992. 

There are many kinds of familiar hazards, such as mechanical, electrical, and fire hazards, that are found in all laboratories. These kinds of hazards often are overlooked simply because they are so familiar and common, so that workers do not exercise the necessary degree of caution in proportion to the risk involved, because familiarity breeds contempt. The purpose of Part 4 is to identify these common physical hazards (which are normally covered by occupational safety programs), to discuss these hazards in terms of safe laboratory practices, and to describe techniques for controlling them. 

Inherent occupational health (lOH) is the prevention of occupational health hazards (i.e., chemical or physical condition) that have the potential to cause health damage to workers by trying to eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals, process conditions, and operating procedures that may cause occupational hazards to the employees. In this context, inherent occupational health hazards can be defined as a condition, inherent to the operation or use... 

In 1970, President Richard M. Nixon signed into law the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act). The act is a federal statute that aims to protect employees in the workplace from occupational illness and injuries caused by exposure to biological and physical hazards and hazardous chemicals. When Congress passed this act, it empowered the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to regulate certain aspects of the workplace, thereby reducing or eliminating the incidence of chemically induced occupational illnesses and injuries. 

Occupational Safety and Health J ct. OSHA regulations deal principally with physical aspects of safety and those things generally associated with accident prevention. These federal regulations deal especially with the need for estabHshed material safety data sheets and the proper labeling of printing inks under the Hazard Communication Laws. 

To conclude, this sampling of the literature of risk perception, the comments of Covello, 1981 may be summarized. Surveys have been of small specialized groups - generally not representative of the population as a whole. There has been little attempt to analyze the effects of ethnicity, religion, sex, region age, occupation and other variables that may affect risk perception. People respond to surveys with the first thing that comes to mind and tend to stick to this answer. They provide an answer to any question asked even when they have no opinion, do not understand the question or have inconsistent beliefs. Surveys are influenced by the order of questions, speed of response, whether a verbal or numerical respon.se is required and by how the answer is posed. Few Studies have examined the relationships between perceptions of technological hazards and behavior which seems to be influenced by several factors such as positive identification with a leader, efficacy of social and action, physical proximity to arenas of social conflict. 

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