Carcinogens occupational

Benzene is considered to be carcinogenic to humans by the inhalation route of exposure (EPA weight-of-evidence Group A, human carcinogen). Occupational exposure to benzene was associated with increased incidences of nonlymphocytic leukemia. Studies in animals also found increased incidences of neoplasia in animals treated by inhalation or gavage with benzene. 

Teschke K, Morgan MS, Checkoway H, et al. 1997. Surveillance of nasal and bladder cancer to locate sources of exposure to occupational carcinogens. Occup Environ Med 54 443-451. 

Potential occupational carcinogen occupational exposure should be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. 

Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for DGE as Potential Human Carcinogen, Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards, Supplement II, OHG. Publication No.89-104.1-6, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1988. 

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NIOSH carcinogen occupational exposures to carcinogens should be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. (see discussion above about proposed NIOSH policy change )... 

When it approved the New Animal Drug AppHcation (NADA) of formalin, FDA ruled that use of formalin for fisheries was safe for humans and the environment. They ruled that effluents from fish treatments at 250 mg/L should be diluted 10 times and from egg treatments 75 times if 1,000 —2,000 mg/L were used (10,11). Before registering the compound, FDA also addressed carcinogenicity by stating it was not concerned about human exposure from either water or fish treated with formalin. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has procedural guidelines that should protect workers from harm fill levels of formalin. Calculations based on treatment levels demonstrated that a fishery worker is exposed to not more than 0.117 mg/L formalin in the air, well below the levels estabUshed by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration to protect workers. 

Some occupational hygiene aspects of man-made mineral fibres and new technology fibres Safe handling requirements dunng explosive, propellant and pyrotechnic manufacture Simplified calculations of blast induced injuries and damage Laboratory work with chemical carcinogens and oncogenes Rosin (colophony) a review... 

Formaldehyde has been rated as a possible carcinogen by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) rules and should be handled with due caution. It is also a strong lacrymator and choking respiratory irritant. It irritates the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes [76]. Since it is used for tanning leather, it is obvious that fonnaldehyde has a high potential for reactions with proteins. Formaldehyde gas is flammable and most formalin solutions contain significant amounts of methanol, which is also volatile, toxic, and flammable. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been classified as human carcinogens because they induce cancers in experimental animals and because smoking and exposure to mixtures of chemicals containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the workplace increase the risk of lung cancer in exposed individuals. In experimental animals, benzo(a)pyrene induces cancer in different organs depending on the route of administration.Furthermore, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons commonly occurs in occupations related to traffic (use of diesel engines in transportation and railways). 

Ca A notation used by NIOSH to indicate that a substance is considered a known or potential occupational carcinogen. 

The Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Values Committee classifies certain substances found in the occupational environment as either confirmed or suspected human carcinogens. The present listing of substances that have been identified as carcinogens takes two forms those for which a TLV has b n assigned and those for which environmental and exposure conditions have not been sufficiently defined to assign a TLV. Where a TLV has been assigned, it does not necessarily imply the existence of a biological threshold however, if exposures are controlled to this level, we would not expect to see a measurable increase in cancer incidence or mortality. 

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