Health hazards, occupational

The toxicology, occupational health hazards, and transportation regulations of cesium compounds result from the anion rather than the cesium cation. Producers and distributors provide an MSDS as well as detailed shipping requirements for each product. 

Have all tasks been examined to identify and evaluate all occupational health hazards ... 

Process definition and design criteria Process and equipment design Company memory (management information) Documentation of risk management decisions Protective systems Normal and upset conditions Chemical and occupational health hazards... 

It should be checked whether the process fulfils the state and local regulations concerning environmental protection, safety, and occupational health hazards. These criteria are not directly applicable in the early development. stages. 

Process Knowledge and Documentation—The main features here are process definition and design criteria, process and equipment design, company memory (management information), documentation of risk management decisions, protective systems, normal and upset con-dtions, and chemical and occupational health hazards. 

The motivation for conducting toxicological tests for pharmaceutical, chemical intermediates and impurities arises from the need to ensure the health of employees by preventing adverse reactions from occupational exposure. Employers thus secondarily minimize the associated potential for work interruption. Programs in place at many larger companies routinely test new drug candidates and/or isolated synthetic intermediates for the purpose of occupational health hazard evaluation. 

The development of a toxicological testing program for occupational health hazard evaluation requires consideration of (1) the compounds to be tested, (2) the stage of drug development at which testing occurs, (3) the specific tests to be conducted, and (4) the means for funding. 

Galer, D.M. (1989). A testing battery for evaluating occupational health hazards. J. Amer. Coll. 

Utilization of coal and oil shale to produce liquid and gaseous synfuels results in the generation of many hazardous sub-tances. Workers in these synfuel plants are likely to be exposed to potentially carcinogenic materials present in coal tars and oils. Among the various pathways of exposure, skin contamination by direct contact transfer or by adsorption of vapors and particulates into the skin presents a serious occupational health hazard. The skin irritant and potential carcinogenic properties of raw syncrudes and their distillate fractions have been reported (1. 2, 3). 

The factors discussed in the preceding paragraphs indicate the fundamental importance which HPLC procedures are likely to occupy in connection with the pursuit of occupational health chemistry in the future. Accordingly, a consideration of HPLC from this viewpoint is timely. This document provides a brief summary of general HPLC methodology as well as a description of specific procedures for the analysis of selected compounds or groups of compounds which are currently important in occupational health hazard research studies and evaluations. 

Isoouanates. Various isocyanates are employed in the polymer industry. These compounds are powerful irritants and they are highly toxic. Of particular interest are methylene-di-paraphenylene isocyanate (MDI) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Various alkyl isocyanates (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and cyclohexyl) derivatives may also be of current interest with respect to potential occupational health hazards. Simultaneous analysis of MDI and TDI by HPLC has been accomplished by a modification of the method of Dunlap et al. (28). Air samples are collected in impingers containing p-nitrobenzyl-n-... 

Collishaw NE, Kirkbride J, Wigle DT. 1984. Tobacco smoke in the workplace An occupational health hazard. Can Med Assoc J 131 1199-1204. 

These are three general control principles utilized in reducing the exposure of workers to occupational health hazards. These involve source controls, transmission barriers, and personal protection. In the first strategy, measures are taken to prevent the release of the toxic contaminant to the air. The second strategy provides means for capturing or blocking the contaminant before it reaches the worker. The final strategy assumes the first two were unsuccessful and requires workers to wear some protective device to prevent contact with the toxic contaminant. 

Mansinghka BK, Ranawat PS. 1996. Mineral economics and occupational health hazards of the asbestos resources of Rajathan. J Geol Soc India 47 375-382. 

This book provides an advanced level of study of industrial hygiene engineering situations with emphasis on the control of exposure to occupational health hazards. Primary attention is given to industrial ventilation, noise and vibration control, heat stress, and industrial illumination. Other topics covered include industrial water quality, solid waste control, handling and storage of hazardous materials, personal protective equipment, and costs of industrial hygiene control. 

Pabst R. 1987. Exposure to formaldehyde in anatomy An occupational health hazard Anat Rec 219 109-112. 

Darby FW, Willis AF, Winchester RV. 1986. Occupational health hazards from road construction and sealing work. Ann Occup Hyg 30(4) 445-454. 

Hassan A, Velasquez E, Belmar R, et al Mercury poisoning in Nicaragua a case study of the export of environmental and occupational health hazards by a multinational corporation. International Journal of Health Service 11 221-226, 1981 Haut MW, Morrow LA, Pool D, et al Neurobehavioral effects of acute exposure to inorganic mercury vapor. Applied Neuropsychology 6 193-200, 1999 Hay WJ, Rickards AG, McMenemey WH, et al Organic mercurial encephalopathy. 

Cook PB, ed. (1989) Trevethicks Occupational Health Hazards A Practical Industrial Guide. Heine-mann Press. 

Mehlman MA, Smart CL. 1982. A comparative toxicological evaluation of paint solvents. In Englund A, Ringen K, Mehiman MA, eds. Occupational health hazards of solvents. Princeton, NJ Princeton Scientific Publishers, 53-67. 

Stricoff RS. 1983. Control of occupational health hazards in the dry cleaning industry. Instructor s guide. Washington, DC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Training and Manpower Development, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 68. 

The acute oral and inhalation toxicity of hexachlorobenzene is low in test animals. Repeated ingestion of this compound may produce porphyria hepatica (increased formation and excretion of porphyrin) caused by disturbances in liver metabolism. The oral LD50 value in rabbits is 2600 mg/kg the inhalation LC50 value from a single exposure is 1800 mg/m (NIOSH 1986). The occupational health hazard from inhalation should be very low because of its very low vapor pressure (0.00001 torr). 

Glyde, Gerald P. 1984. Worker Participation and Occupational Health Hazards The Economic Connection. Labor Studies Journal. Winter 275-86. 

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