Mineral blacks

Mineral black, a shale sometimes erroneously called rotten stone, contains a large amount of carbon and is used as a filler for paints and other chemical operations. It is pulverized and classified with the same equipment as shale, hmestone, and barite. 

Most black pigments are made of carbon black formed by depositing carbon from a smoky flame of natural gas on a metal surface. Lampblack is made similarly by burning oik Bone blacks are made from charred bones. Graphite occurs naturally or can be prepared from coal in electric furnaces. Mineral blacks come from shale, peat, and coal dust. Iron oxide blacks are found in nature or prepared. Blue lead sulfate is a pigment for priming. Of these, carbon black is su[XTinr. 

A combination of atoms such as this is called a molecule. A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon is called a hydrocarbon. This particular compound is a molecule of the asphyxiating gas methane, sometimes called marsh gas or coal miners Black Damp. Instead of writing the compound with the valency bonds showing, it is more commonly written CH4. 

Fig. 2. SEM-BSE image and EPMA maps from Esfordi deposit, a) White crystals in fractures are REE minerals, b). RE minerals (sketched by black colour) are interstitial to actinolite (gray parts), c) RE minerals (black) and apatite (white) EPMA map.

Figure 2. Photomicrographs showing some of the common entities found in Antarctic coals reflected light, X 150 A—Vitrinoia with cracks. B—Bright inerts in a mixture of vitrinoids (gray) and clays (black), C—Semifusinoids preserving cellular structure. D—Clay minerals (black) containing thin vitrinoid bands (gray)...

Only rarely are certain quantitative determinations necessary on the ash, such as those of the silica and alumina in mineral blacks, lime, alkalies and phosphates in vegetable blacks and calcium phosphate in animal blacks. 

Properties Black mineral, black streak, submetallic or dull to metallic luster. Contains 72.4% iron. Readily recognized by strong attraction by magnet. Soluble in powder form in hydrochloric acid. Decomposes at 1538C to ferric oxide Fe203, d 4.9-5.2, hardness 5.5-6.5. 

Properties Iron-black to dark steel-gray or bluish mineral black or bluish-black streak metallic or dull luster. D 4.73 1.86, Mohs hardness 2-2.5. Soluble in hydrochloric acid. 

MANUFACTURERS BRAND NAMES Anthracite Industries, Inc., Sunbury, PA, USA 4072-C, 505, 7002, 7004, Anthrin Filler, Carbon Filler Oxide Coal Fillers, Inc., Bluefield, VA, USA Austin Black - low specific gravity reinforcing and mineral filler Keystone Filler Manufacturing Company, Muncy, PA, USA Mineral Black 121 OC, 123, 126, 325BA... 

Biddiblack n. A particular type of mineral black, mined near Bideford, Devonshire, England. 

Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, white lead, lithopone, antimony trioxide Carbon black, mineral black, black iron oxide Synthetic iron oxide, red lead oxide, cadmium red Chrome yellow, strontium yellow, zinc yellow, nickel titanate yellow, zinc chromate, earthen iron oxide (ochre)... 

Austin Black - low specific gravity reinforcing and mineral filler Keystone Filler Manufacturing Company, Muncy, PA, USA Mineral Black 121 OC, 123, 126,325BA... 

Most of the major sandstone deposits are Mesozoic and Caenozoic. This is doubtless because rocks of this age contain the great piles of continental and marginal marine sandstones and the required periods ofweathering and erosion. Most of the uranium introduced to Palaeozoic marine basins yielded little better than weakly mineralized black shales because of the lack of an efficient concentrating mechanism. 

Particulates that are small enough to find their way into the lungs and remain there, including dusts fine enough to be classified as respirable dusts, can produce serious chronic conditions such as the group of diseases known as pneumoconiosis— lung diseases Uke coal miners black lung disease and silicosis. 

Bideford black was a noted black pigment rmtil relatively recent times the mines at Bideford essentially represent an extension of the South Wales Coal Field which reach the surface at the other side of the Bristol Channel in north Devon (England). Field (1835) mentions mineral black , which he states came from Bideford, and must therefore be the same pigment, though that name has been apphed to a variety of inorganic black pigments. 

Carbon-based blacks group Anthracite Mineral black Acworth (1991) Bristow (1996b) Field (1835) Remington (1946)... 

Coal Jacobsite Shungite Wad Earth blact. Mineral black Native... 

Carbon-based blacks group Crystalline carbons sub-group Clay minerals group Chaoite Coal Lonsdaleite Pyrite Shungjte Black lead-, Mineral black. Plumbago... 

The term mineral black is applied to several materials. Field (1835) describes mineral black as a native impure oxide of carbon, of a soft texture, found in Devonshire . This definition is probably synonymous with Bideford black (. v.), since Field also states that his sample came from the Union mine, Bideford. 

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