Salt-marsh

The magnificent purple pigment referred to in the Bible and known to the Romans as Tyrian purple after the Phoenician port of Tyre (Lebanon), was shown by P. Friedlander in 1909 to be 6,6 -dibromoindigo. This precious dye was extracted in the early days from the small purple snail Murex brandaris, as many as 12000 snails being required to prepare 1.5 g of dye. The element itself was isolated by A.-J. Balard in 1826 from the mother liquors remaining after the crystallization of sodium chloride and sulfate from the waters of the Montpellier salt marshes ... 

Port Clarence. S.E. Durham Salt marsh. Very corrosive... 

Fig. 3 The upper panel (a) shows a segment of a waterway in the California Delta that is bounded by levees and channelized. Farmland is the primary land-use in the Delta. The BDCP is calling for a conversion (restoration) back to freshwater tidal marsh (panel b), salt marsh, and riparian woodland of approximately 9% of the land in the Delta ( 26,000 ha) over the next few decades...

Bollinger MS Moore WS (1993) Evaluation of salt marsh hydrology using radium as a tracer. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57 2203-2212... 

In the Delaware and Chesapeake estuaries (USA), uranium shows distinctly nonconservative behavior at salinities <5 (Sarin and Church 1994 Church et al. 1996). This was suggested to be due to sedimentary redox processes in the extensive salt marshes in the Delaware and Chesapeake bays. From mass balance calculations it was concluded that almost two-thirds of the uranium in the tidal waters were retained in the sediments. It was also suggested that, extrapolated globally, uranium removal in salt marshes and marine wetlands, including mangroves, are important sinks for U that may responsible for up to 50% of the total marine removal (Church et al. 1996). Removal of U is also observed within the Baltic Sea, related to the association of U with colloids (see Section 2.5). 

Chen JH, Edwards RL, Wasserburg GJ (1992) Mass spectrometry and applications to uranium-series disequilibrium. ln Uranium-series Disequilibrium Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 174-206 Cheng H, Edwards RL, Hoff J, Gallup CD, Richards DA, Asmerom Y (2000) The half lives of manium-234 and thorium -230. Chem Geol 169 17-33Church TM, Sarin MM, Fleisher MQ, Ferdelman TG (1996) Salt marshes An important coastal sink for dissolved uranium. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60 3879-3887... 

Capone, D.G., Reese, D.D., and Kiene, R.P., Effects of metals on methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, carbon dioxide evolution, and microbial biomass in anoxic salt marsh sediments, Appl Environ Microbiol, 45 (5), 1586-1591, 1983. 

CS2 and COS occur in the atmosphere in significant amounts - CS2, 3.8-4.7 Tg S yr-1, COS, 2.7-3.5 Tg S yr-1 one-fifth to one quarter of these amounts are probably anthropogenic. Biogenic CS2 mainly originates in marine settings - anaerobic sediments (bacteria) and salt marshes with a role for Spartina alterniflora.6,10 Some terrestrial plants produce CS2 and tree roots are another source, usually after cutting or wetting. A tree of central America, Stryphnodendron excelsum. can be detected by its CS2 odor.10... 

Giblin, A.E., A. Bourg, I. Valiela, and J.M. Teal. 1980. Uptake and losses of metals in sewage sludge by a New England salt marsh. Amer. Jour. Bot. 67 1059-1068. 

Windom, H., W. Gardner, J. Stephens, and F. Taylor. 1976. The role of methylmercury production in the transfer of mercury in a salt marsh ecosystem. Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 4 579-583. 

Isensee, A.R. 1987. Persistence and movement of atrazine in a salt marsh sediment microecosystem. Bull. 

Plumley, EG. and D.E. Davis. 1980. The effect of a photosynthesis inhibitor atrazine, on salt marsh edaphic algae, in culture, microecosystems, and in the field. Estuaries 3 271-277. 

Plumley, EG., D.E. Davis, J.T. McEnerney, and J.W. Everest. 1980. Effects of a photosynthesis inhibitor, atrazine, on the salt-marsh fiddler crab, Uca pugnax (Smith). Estuaries 3 217-223. 

Salt marsh estuary, Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, 408 ha site (1008 acres)... 

Ludwig, P.D., H.J. Dishburger, J.C. McNeill, W.D. Miller, and J.R. Rice. 1968. Biological effects and persistence of Dursban insecticide in a salt-marsh habitat. Jour. Econ. Entomol. 61 626-633. 

Thirugnanam, M. and A.J. Forgash. 1977. Environmental impact of mosquito pesticides toxicity and anticholinesterase activity of chlorpyrifos to fish in a salt marsh habitat. Arch. Environ Contam, Toxicol. 5 415-425. Tsuda, T., S. Aoki, T. Inoue, and M. Kojima. 1994. Accumulation and excretion of pesticides used as insecticides or fungicides in agricultural products by the willow shiner Gnathopogon caerulescens. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 107C 469-473. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1967. Effects of Granular Application of Dursban on Some Estuary and Salt Marsh Organisms. U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. Spec. Rep., Pesticide Surveillance Program, Atlanta, Georgia. Mimeo. 34 pp. 

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