Mersey, river

Michigan, 1978, Mersey River, near wastewater treatment plant PHEN Sediments Insects, whole Crustaceans, muscle Fish, muscle BaA... 

Readman et al. [70] used flame ionization capillary gas chromatography to determine polyaromatic hydrocarbons in extracts of rivers Mersey, Dee and Tamar estuary sediments. 

De Voogt et al. [23] analysed marine and estuarine sediments from 22 sites in northwestern Europe (extending from Ireland and France to Norway and Sweden) by HPLC-FL. NP, OP, AgPEO and AgPEO concentration ranges of 0.1-17, highest levels were found in the estuaries of the rivers Seine, Mersey, Rhine/Meuse, Weser and Elbe. 

Levels of dissolved di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in samples from the River Mersey estuary, Liverpool, United Kingdom, ranged from 0.125 to 0.693 pg/L (Preston Al-Omian, 1989). 

PBDEs have been studied in river, lake, and marine sediment samples all over the world, and the concentration of the EPBDE and BDE-209 are dependent on the sampling locations. In Europe, the highest BDE-209 concentration was found in the River Mersey, UK (at 1700 ng/g) [49]. At the other end of the scale, a sediment core taken from Drammenfjord in 1999 near Oslo, Norway [52] showed a total surficial PBDE concentration of 3.1 ng/g, which is lower than the total PBDE concentrations measured in all of the Great Lakes, even in Lake Superior. Incidentally, globally, the highest BDE-209 level (at 6000 ng/g) was found in estuarine sediment from the Kansai re-... 

Figure 3.9 Stratification-circulation diagrams used to describe a spectrum of circulation and geomorphometric types of estuaries that can be defined by stratification. Estuarine types are as follows Type 1 estuaries are those without upstream flow requiring tidal transport for salt balance Type 2 estuaries are partially mixed (e.g., Marrows of the Mersey (NM) (UK), James River (J) (USA), Columbia River estuary (C) (USA) Type 3 estuaries are representative of fjords [e.g., Siver Bay (S), Strait of Juan de Fuca (JF) (USA)] and Type 4 estuaries indicative of salt wedge estuaries [e.g., Mississippi River (M) (USA)]. The basic classification parameters are as follows the stratification is defined by SS/Sq where SS is the difference in the salinity between surface and bottom water and So is the mean-depth salinity, both averaged over a tidal cycle and Us/Uf, where U is the surface velocity (averaged over a tidal cycle) and Uf is the vertically averaged net outflow. The subdivisions a and b represent values where SS/Sq <0.1 and SS/Sq >0.1, respectively subscripts h and 1 refer to high and low river flow. The curved line at the top represents the limit of surface freshwater outflow. (From Hansen and Rattray, 1966, as modified by Jay et al., 2000, with permission.)...

In 1994, researchers put cages of male rainbow trout into five rivers. In each case five sites were chosen, one upstream of a waste treatment plant, one at the point where the effluent was discharged, and three others at various distances downstream. It was found that the female protein vitellogenin was produced in male fish in four out of the five rivers at the site of the effluent discharge. The other waste treatment plant did not receive industrial waste. In one river, where the effluent was the most active, at all the other sites, up to 5 km downstream, the fish produced vitellogenin. It has also been found that male fish such as flounder in estuaries in the UK also have high levels of vitellogenin. In the Tyne and Mersey estuaries the increased levels of the female protein were 10,000 to i million times more than in control animals. 

Preston, M.R. Raymundo, C.C. (1993) The associations of linear alkyl benzenes with the bulk properties of sediments from the River Mersey Estuary. Environmental Pollution 81, 7-13. 

Suspended Particulate Matter erom River Mersey in NW England... 

Preston MR, Al-Omaran LA. 1986. Dissolved and particulate phthalate esters in the River Mersey Estuary. Marine Pollut Bull 17(12) 548-553. 

Ketterer, M.E., Hafer, K.M., Hnk, C.L., Royden, C.S., and Hartsock, W.J. (2003) Anthropogenic at Rocky Flats, Ashtabula River harbor, and Mersey estuary three case studies by sector ICPMS. /. Environ. Radioact., 67, 191-206. 

Osborn, D., Young, W., Bird Mortalities on the River Mersey Laboratory Studies of the Toxicity and Effects on Essential Metals of Triethyl and Trimethyl Lead, Trace Elem. Man Anim. TEMA 5 Proc. 5th Intern. Symp., Aberdeen, U.K., 1984 [1985], pp. 870/1 C.A. 105 [1986] No. 185363. 

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