Natural oil polyol

Table 3 Comparison of TDI foam made with Dow s Generation 1 and Generation 2 natural oil polyols [145]...

James A, Johnson K, Sutton C, Goldhawk M, Stegt H (2007) Natural oil polyols as copolyols in automotive headrest, armrest, RIM and NVH applications. Proceedings Polyurethanes 2007 technical conference, September 2007, Orlando. ACC Center for the Polyurethane Industry, Arlington... 

Figure 1. Process for producing natural oil polyols Results and Discussion...

Figure 7. Foams prepared using natural oil polyols with well balanced catalysis (left) and unbalanced catalysis (right)...

The reactor was purged with nitrogen and heated to 50 °C under 20 torr vacuum. The vacuum was broken and 500 ppm of stannous octoate catalyst obtained from City Chemical was added. The methanol was stripped under 20 torr vacuum at 195 °C for 4-6 hours yielding a viscous light yellow natural oil polyol with an equivalent weight of 660. 

Polyurethane foam Natural oil polyol, water, and surfactants were weighed into a 1 quart metal cup and premixed for 15 seconds at 1800 rpm using a pin type mixer. The catalyst was added and the mixture stirred an additional 15 seconds at 1800 rpm. The polyisocyanate was then added and the mixture stirred at 2400 rpm for 3 seconds and immediately transferred to a 15 x 15 x 10 wooden box lined with a polyethylene bag. The buns were allowed to cure overnight before testing. 

Natural oil polyols (NOPs) are bio-polyols which are derived from vegetable oils using different techniques. The primary use of these NOPs is in the production of polyurethanes. Most of the NOPs qualify as bio-based products, as defined by United States Secretary of Agriculture in the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act 2002. 

Thus, glycerol, the most important starter for the synthesis of polyether polyols for flexible PU foams and for polyether for rigid foams is produced by the hydrolysis of natural triglycerides (esters of glycerol with fatty acids with C6 to C22 carbon atoms), from vegetable or animal resources (reaction 17.1) [1]. Large quantities of glycerol appear in bio-diesel production, by transesterification of natural oils with methanol. 

For a better understanding, of the transformation of vegetable oils and fats in polyols, some information about the structure of fatty acids and of natural oils will be presented. 

Prociak, A. (2007) Properties of polyurethane foams modified with natural oil-based polyols. Cellular Polymers, 26(6), 381-392. 

Using this technique, a large variety of polyurethanes have been prepared from different vegetable oils. Natural polyols like castor oil (generally trifunctional) are directly reacted with diisocyanates to obtain branched polyurethanes, although it is difficult to control the reactivity. However, bifunctional castor oil can be polymerised with diisocyanates in the presence of suitable chain extenders and catalysts to produce polyurethanes in a more controlled manner (Fig. 6.4). A castor oil polyol-based polyurethane network can also be prepared from epoxy terminated polyurethane pre-polymer with 1,6-hexamethylene diamine. Epoxy terminated pre-polymer is obtained by the reaction of glycidol and isocyanate terminated polyurethane pre-polymer of castor oil polyol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. ... 

A natural polyol of alcoholysed castor oil with triethanolamine-based rigid polyurethane foam and wood flour composite was prepared and found to show a decrease in compression modulus and yield strength with an increase in wood flour content, although good interaction of wood flour with isotyanate was noticed. Tung oil polyol-based polyurethane with pine wood flour composite was also reported. ... 

These are the classic lubricants, derived from natural oils and fats and acting by migrating to the surface. A wide range of fatty acid esters of polyols and other compounds is used as internal lubricants, especially in PVC. Good flow, surface finish and improved clarity can be achieved in most processes, using either compounded or dry blend formulations. According to type, they can improve mould release, melt flow, lubricity, and scratch/scuff resistance and reduce static build-up and wear. 

Glycerol is the most widely used polyol because it is present in natural oils. The next most widely used is pentaerythritol (PE). At the same mole ratio of dibasic acid to polyol, more moles of fatty acid can be esterified with PE and fn is higher. 

The primary nutrient in flexible PVC is the plasticizer. Epoxidized natural oils arc easily metabolized by a variety of bacteria and fungi. In some cases, hquid epoxy resins can be substituted for, for example, ESO, improving microbial resistance. Since epoxy resins usually add tack, revision of the lubricant system may be required. In filled or pigmented compounds, it would be preferable to use an acid absorber such as hydrotalcite or zeolite in place of ESO, or a stabilizer system based on such ingredients. This is also possible in translucent compounds such as shower crrrtains. Polyol components of stabilizers, such as pentaerythritol, are also nutrients. As with rigid PVC/wood fiber composites, the ideal stabilizer would be a combination of organotin carboxylate and hydrotalcite or zeolite, hr many cases, the required material cost... 

Chem. Descrip. proprietary blend of heavy range paraffin base petroleum oil, polyol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated derivatives Ionic Nature Nonionic CAS 64741-88-4 64741-89-5... 

It is an old technology to mix mineral oils with - fats and oils (compounded oils) or to use them as such for special applications. Today, the tendency to use biodegradable natural oils or simple derivatives as substitutes for mineral oil is increasing, due to environmental considerations. The most frequently cited example of such an application is the use of ->rapeseed oil as a lubricant for saw chains. Other uses are 1. for out-board engines, for air compressors in construction sites and for hydraulic fluids as polyol esters. This is an area where utilization of RR may be growing rapidly in volume. 

Typically, soHd stabilizers utilize natural saturated fatty acid ligands with chain lengths of Cg—C g. Ziac stearate [557-05-1/, ziac neodecanoate [27253-29-8] calcium stearate [1592-23-0] barium stearate [6865-35-6] and cadmium laurate [2605-44-9] are some examples. To complete the package, the soHd products also contain other soHd additives such as polyols, antioxidants, and lubricants. Liquid stabilizers can make use of metal soaps of oleic acid, tall oil acids, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, octylphenol, and nonylphenol. Barium bis(nonylphenate) [41157-58-8] ziac 2-ethyIhexanoate [136-53-8], cadmium 2-ethyIhexanoate [2420-98-6], and overbased barium tallate [68855-79-8] are normally used ia the Hquid formulations along with solubilizers such as plasticizers, phosphites, and/or epoxidized oils. The majority of the Hquid barium—cadmium formulations rely on barium nonylphenate as the source of that metal. There are even some mixed metal stabilizers suppHed as pastes. The U.S. FDA approved calcium—zinc stabilizers are good examples because they contain a mixture of calcium stearate and ziac stearate suspended ia epoxidized soya oil. Table 4 shows examples of typical mixed metal stabilizers. 

Polyurethane foams may be rigid, semi-rigid or flexible. They may be made from polyesters, polyethers or natural polyols such as castor oil (which contains approximately three hydroxyl groups in each molecule). Three general processes are available known as one-shot, prepolymer or quasi-prepolymer processes. These variations lead to 27 basic types of product or process, all of which have been used commercially. This section deals only with flexible foams (which are made only from polyesters and polyethers). Since prepolymers and... 

Numerous other polyols are commercially available, some from renewable resources. Urethanes based on castor oil have been used for many years as encapsulants for electronic components, due to their hydrophobic nature [29J. 

The typical alkyd resin (see above) is eomprised of three basic components an aromatic diacid such as phthalic anhydride which together with a polyol such as glycerol, forms the backbone of the resin molecule and along which are distributed the fatty acids derived from vegetable oils. The solubility, film hardness and colour of alkyd resins depend on the nature of the modifying fatty acid which in most cases contributes some colour to the film. 

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