Pine wood flour

TABLE 4.9 Effect of talc (Mistrofll P403, median particle size of 7.8 (im) on unnotched Izod impact resistance of an HDPE (MFI 0.4)-based composite material containing a 40-mesh pine wood flour (up to 55% content w/w) and the talc [8]... 

The board (51% of 20-mesh pine wood flour, 45% HDPE, 1% talc) was exposed outdoors for an undisclosed period of time [4]. 

Milled glass fiber, 125 Natural fibers, 125 Pine wood flour, 98 Salt cedar wood flour, 98 Talc, 125 Wollastonite, 125 Atactic, 57, 59... 

A natural polyol of alcoholysed castor oil with triethanolamine-based rigid polyurethane foam and wood flour composite was prepared and found to show a decrease in compression modulus and yield strength with an increase in wood flour content, although good interaction of wood flour with isotyanate was noticed. Tung oil polyol-based polyurethane with pine wood flour composite was also reported. ... 

The incorporation of sisal fibres into composites containing wood particles has also attracted some attention [45]. This system involved an unsaturated polyester/styrene matrix and pine wood flour. A composite with 12 per cent (v/v) of wood particles displayed a 10-fold increase in the work of fracture upon the addition of 7 per cent (v/v) of sisal fibres. 

Y. Altun, M. Dogan, and E. Bayramli, Effect of alkaline treatment and pre-impregnation on mechanical and water absorbtion properties of pine wood flour containing poly (lactic acid) based green-composites. 7 Polym. Environ. 21(3), 850-856 (2013). 

Figure 1S.3 Scanning electron micrograph of pine wood flour.

NR (natural rubber) / neat pine wood flour composite (70%/30%) [6] ... 

Effect of (pine) wood flour on the mechanical properties of PP based composites. (Data from l.C. Caraschi, A.Lopes Leao. Mat. Res., Sao Carlos, Brazil, Oct./Dec.5 (4), 405-409,2002.)... 

Sc 11 are based on coated AN-They have been prepd by heating AN crysts to 55—65°C and stirring them for 10—15 mins with 1.5—2% of paraffin. Then a pulverized combustible material [such as wood flour, pine bark, peat (called itl Russ, torf,>),... 

More specifically, some WPCs were made using wood flour derived from pine, with an average aspect ratio of 4.0 from salt cedar, with an average aspect ratio of 3.2 and from juniper, with an average aspect ratio of 4.4 [130]. Wood fiber typically has higher aspect ratio, such as 10 1-25 1. For example, many wood fibers have a length of 3 mm and width of 0.2 mm (aspect ratio of 15) or a length of 10 mm and width of 0.4 mm (aspect ratio of 25). 

TABLE 3.9 Effect of wood flour content on fading of Wood-Hour (40-mesh pine)-filled HDPE... 

Cellulose hber, obviously, increases viscosity of plastic hot melt. Furthermore, fiber from different species affects viscosity differently, even at the same particle size. For example, pine, juniper, and salt cedar (particle size 40-60 mesh), each at 50% amount w/w in HDPE, resulted in melt flow index (MFI) of 0.2,0.6, and 1.6, respectively. In other words, pine flour increased viscosity the most. Viscosity continued to increase with smaller wood flour particles (Table 3.12). 

Table 3.12 shows that the melt flow index of HDPE in the presence of 50% wood flour decreases rather significantly, from 1.6 g/10 min for salt cedar to 0.2 g/10 min in the presence of pine. Fnrthermore, if we consider the initial MFI value for the neat plastic, a drop in MFI is qnite significant. For example, a polypropylene with MFI 23 g/10 min (MFI was 29 g/10 min after processing in the extruder at 100 or 300 rpm) was loaded with 20% bleached sulfite cellulose fibers, and after extrusion at 100 rpm MFI dropped to 2 g/10 min. With 30% loading with the fiber, MFI further decreased to 0.5 g/10 min [131]. 

Wood flour (60%, 60 mesh pine) + HDPE + talc (5%) + a nomnetal lubricant (3%) ... 

Wood flour (61%, pine) + HDPE, nonmetal lubricants" ... 

In addition to the common applications of PVC in flooring and floor tiles, there are also applications of PU (coatings for flooring), polyamide (PA) (woven carpets and rugs), linoleum (manufactured by oxidising linseed oil mixed with pine resin and wood flour in the form of sheets on jute backing), wood/thermoset composites (thermosets like PE, UF, polyisocyanates used as veneers, in plywood, particleboard, fibreboard, laminates), wood fibre/thermoplastic composites (for industrial flooring with PE). 

Experiments for fimgal degradation of pine flour were carried out by following an established procedure for fungal degradation of pulp (5). Pondarosa pine sapwood flour (30 mesh) was extracted with acetone/water (v/v, 9/1) and dried under vacuum. The moisture content was determined as 9.8 %. A mixture of wood flour (9.07 g oven-dried) and de-ionized water (10 mL) was autoclaved in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 121 °C for 1 h. The autoclaved wood flour was inoculated with the P. cinnabarinus spore suspension (5 mL), and the moisture content of the wood flour adjusted to 80% with sterilized water. The culture was then incubated at 30 °C for pre-determined times. Twelve replicates were carried out for each cultivation time. 

The wood flour pjartides of 425 microns (40-mesh) in size were kindly donated by American Wood fibers (Schofield, WI) and are constituted predominantly with p>onderosa pine, maple, oak, spruce, southern yellow pine, cedar. The wood was oven dried at 100°C for 24 h before processing to remove moisture. The isotactic polypropylene matrix (PP) has a density of 0.9 g/cm and a melt flow index of 2.5 g/10 min, it was provided by Solvay Co. Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (MAPP) with an approximate maleic anhydride (MA) content of 3 wt. % was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI). All ingredients were used as received. 

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