Polyurethane industry

Process parameters can be varied to change the MDA isomer distribution and oligomeric content of PMDA products. Generally, aniline to formaldehyde molar ratios of 2 to 5 are used. To increase the MDA content, higher ratios of aniline to formaldehyde are employed. Increasing the acid to aniline ratio also increases the 4,4 -MDA content of the diamine fraction. Historically, the polyurethane industry consumes as much of the 4,4 -MDI isomer as possible. Recently, however, there has been an increasing demand for higher 2,4 -MDI and 2,4 -PMDI products to be used as replacements for... 

The polyurethane industry is dominated by the multinational isocyanate producers. Several of the principal isocyanate producers, including BASF, Bayer, Dow, ICI, and Olin, also manufacture polyols, the other significant building block for polyurethanes. Annual production capacities of the global aromatic isocyanate producers are Hsted in Table 11. Polyols, mainly used for flexible foam production, account for 65 wt % in a flexible foam formulation, 35% in rigid polyurethane foams, and even less in PUIR foams. 

End-use market survey on the polyurethane industry, compiled by the Polyurethane Division of SPl, SPl Conference, Chicago, lU., 1995. 

Because of the interest in the polyurethane industry with respect to grafting, extensive studies were made on the preparation of polydimethyl sfloxane-polyoxy-alkylene block copolymers by coupling of polyethergtycol and polysiloxanes with functional terminal groups408. ... 

Langenstrassen R Huth H Pohl M Sehmidt K-H Behrendt G Ivanyi S I Goering H Wildau,Technische Faehhoehsehule Sofia,University of Chemical Technology Metallurgy Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung -Pruefung (American Plastics Council Alliance for the Polyurethanes Industry)... 

American Plastics Council,Alliance for the Polyurethanes Industry)... 

Polyurethane foam processing, 19 559 Polyurethane hydrogels, 13 739 Polyurethane industry, neopentyl glycol in, 12 672... 

Kasakevich J Chapman J Robert W Bayer MaterialScience (American Plastics Council Alliance for the Polyurethanes Industry)... 

The concept of Product Stewardship in the polyurethanes industry is discussed, as one of the six elements of the Responsible Care programme used by companies. A Product Stewardship programme is said to demonstrate commitment to Responsible Care and ensures health, safety and environmental protection through active assessment of products throughout their life cycle from... 

Chemical Market Reporter 262, No. 3, 22nd July 2002, p.7 POLYURETHANE INDUSTRY GEARS UP TO TACKLE EMERGING REGULATORY AND PERFORMANCE ISSUES Hoffman J... 

In recent years, blown oils have found their way into the polyurethane industry. The additional hydroxyl content introduced through the oxidation process makes the oils more reactive toward isocyanates [82]. The oils can usually be incorporated at low levels into conventional formulations with little compromise to the mechanical properties of the finished polyurethanes. Blown oils have since found utility in carpet backing, insulation foams, and other polyurethane products [83]. At least a... 

Babb D, Phillips J, Keillor C (2006) Proceedings Polyurethanes 2006 technical conference of the Alliance for the Polyurethanes Industry, Salt Lake City, September, 2006. ACC Center for the Polyurethane Industry, Arlington... 

Casati F, Latham D, Dawe B, Ma H, Fregni S, Miyazaki Y (2008) Proceedings Polyurethanes 2008 technical conference, San Antonio. ACC Center for the Polyurethanes Industry, Arlington... 

Since the early days of polyurethane discovery, the technology has focused on isocyanate reactions with polyesters or polyethers. The differences will be discussed in later sections. These reactions are responsible for the growth of the polyurethane industry. The polyesters of interest to polyurethane chemists terminate in hydroxyl groups and are therefore polyols produced by the polycondensation of dicarboxyhc acids and polyols. An example is a polyol with a polycarbonate structure (Figure 2.3). 

We have focused our attention on the prepolymer method for polyurethane development because we feel that it offers the researcher the greatest control of the molecule. We hope to encourage the scientific community to investigate other nonclassical polyurethane tools. If the pin posc of a device is purely physical, the large polyurethane manufacturers and chemists are the best resources for expertise. If, however, the intent is to experiment with a new polymerization technique for a particular medical or environmental application, the researcher must be able to assemble the component parts along lines with which the polyurethane industry may not be familiar. 

It is helpful to understand the polyurethane industry as it exists today starting with the process most commonly practiced. The basic reaction of an isocyanate and a polyol is still used, but large manufacturers do not isolate the compound as an intermediate. 

This simple reaction is the bedrock of the polyurethane industry (see Urethane polymers). Detailed descriptions of the chemistry and process have been published (65—67). Certain carbamates are known to reversibly yield the isocyanate and polyol upon heating. This fact has been commercially used to synthesize a number of blocked isocyanates for elastomer and coating applications. 

Hugo, J.M., Spence, M.W. and Iickly, T.D. (2004) Determination of the extractability of Toluene Diisocyanate from commercial polyurethane foams into air. Polyurethanes Technical Conference 2004, Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry, Arlington, pp. 232-5. 

Polyurethane elastomers. 2. Polyurethanes--Industrial applications. I. Title. TP1180.P8C54 2008... 

Other commercially available aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates used in the polyurethane industry are listed in Table 2.2. These diisocyanates represent 3 to 4% of the market use. The remainder is TDI and MDI. 

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