Myeloblast

Example on Myeloblastic Leukemia. The term myeloblastic leukemia can be easily identified in a document or record by text mining. 

Term to UltraLink myeloblastic leukemia Concept Type DISEASE Normalized term myeloid leukemia Synonyms ... 

TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA STIMULATES THE GROWTH OF THE CLONOGENIC CELLS OF ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN SYNERGY WITH GRANULOCYTE / MACROPHAGE COLONY -STIMULATING FACTOR... 

AML represents a group of disorders in which both failure to differentiate and overproliferation in the stem cell compartment produce an overabundance of nonfunctional cells termed myeloblasts. While the specific cause for this biologic abnormality is unknown, an understanding of the genetic influence of leukemia is leading to a wide variety of targeted therapies.9... 

M1 Acute myeloblastic leukemia with minimal maturation 15 17 25... 

The stages of neutrophil development have been extensively and elegantly described by Dorothy Bainton (1980). The earliest identifiable cells of the neutrophil lineage are the myeloblasts, and the developmental stages are shown in Figure 2.4. 

Identification of these cell types is based on the morphological analysis of cells, staining for peroxidase and analysis by light and electron microscopy. Of every 100 nucleated cells in the marrow, 2 are myeloblasts, 5 are promyelocytes, 12 are myelocytes, 22 are metamyelocytes and band cells and 20 are mature neutrophils. These values are somewhat variable and may differ between individuals. Thus, about 60% of all marrow cells are of the neutrophil lineage. 

These cells are relatively undifferentiated and have a large nucleus, distinguishable nucleolus but few, if any, cytoplasmic granules. Myeloblasts arise from a precursor pool of stem cells, and both the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus stain for peroxidase, indicating that this enzyme is beginning to be synthesised. This cell type is capable of proliferation. 

Chuang LF, Hinton DE, Cheung ATW, et al. 1991. Induction of differentiation in human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells by heptachlor, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 109 98-107. 

Matsuno, N., Osato, M., Yamashita, N., Yanagida, M., Nanri, T., Fukushima, T., Motoji, T., Kusumoto, S., Towatari, M., Suzuki, R., etal. (2003) Dual mutations in the AMLl and FLT3 genes are associated with leukemogenesis in acute myeloblastic leukemia of the MO subtype. Leukemia 17, 2492-2499. 

Schwieger, M., Lohler, J., Friel, J., Scheller, M., Horak, I. and Stocking, C. (2002) AMLl-ETO inhibits maturation of multiple lymphohematopoietic lineages in induces myeloblast transformation in synergy with ICSBP deficiency. J. Exp. Med. 196, 1227-1240. 

Fig. 1) daily. This resulted in the reduction and disappearance of the myeloblasts, which was reported in the early 1980s. At the time the mechanism of action was unknown, but increased levels of histone acetylation was observed. Based upon this therapeutic response, butyric acid was then studied in clinical trials. Unfortunately, these trials failed to reproduce the early success of butyric acid. This was likely a result of butyric acid s short-half life ( 6m), poor distribution/bioavailability at the target site, and low Cnax (50... 

Numerous case reports and epidemiological studies suggest a leukemogenic action of benzene in humans—the leukemia tending to be acute and myeloblastic in type, often following aplastic changes in the bone marrow. Acute myelocytic leukemia may be preceded by myelodysplastic syndrome, a preleukemic state characterized by abnormal marrow architecture, inadequate hematopoiesis, and many cells with chromosome damage." Benzene may also induce chronic types of leukemia. ... 

One study indicated a fivefold excess of all leukemias and a tenfold excess of myelo-monocytic leukemia among benzene-exposed workers as compared with the US Caucasian male population. Among shoemakers chronically exposed to benzene, the annual incidence of leukemia was 13.5 per 100,000, whereas the incidence in the general population was 6 per 100,000." Four cases of acute leukemia were reported in shoemakers exposed to concentrations of benzene up to 210 ppm for 6-14 years two of the four had aplastic anemia before leukemia three of the four cases of leukemia were of the acute myeloblastic type the fourth patient developed thrombocythemia in the second year after an episode of aplastic anemia, and acute monocytic leukemia developed later. ... 

Arylamino-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-3]pyridines, synthesized via 4-chloropyrrolo[2,3-/ ]pyridine, have been evaluated for their biological properties on human myeloblastic leukemia cells <2007BML1934>. 

It is indicated in GI tract carcinoma, acute myeloblastic leukaemia, bronchogenic, breast and ovarian carcinoma, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, malignant lymphoma primary management of nonmetastatic bladder carcinoma (intravesical administration), Wilm s tumor and neuroblastoma. 

On the other hand, hydroquinone (3 pmol/L) prevented the staurosporine-induced apoptosis of HL-60 and the IL-3-dependent murine myeloblastic (32D) cell line it also prevented apoptosis of the 32D cells observed in the absence of IL-3. The myeloperoxidase inhibitor indomethacin opposed the effect of hydroquinone on staurosporine-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells (Hazel et al., 1995, 1996b). Pretreatment of human leukaemia cells ML-1 with buthionine sulfoximine (100 pmol/L for 24 h), in order to decrease their glutathione content, increased the susceptibility of these cells to hydroquinone-induced inhibition of differentiation caused by phorbol acetate pretreatment with l,2-dithiole-3-thione, which induces reduced glutathione synthesis, prevented the differentiation inhibition of hydroquinone. Treatment of DBA/2 mice with 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, which increased the activity of quinone reductase of bone-marrow stromal cells by 50%, decreased the susceptibility of these cells towards hydroquinone (Trush et al., 1996). 

Hazel, B.A., O Connor, A., Niculescu, R. Kalf, GF. (1995) Benzene and its metabolite, hydroquinone, induce granulocytic differentiation in myeloblasts by interacting with cellular signaling pathways activated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Stem Cells, 13, 295-310... 

Hazel, B.A., Baum, C. Kalf, GF. (1996b) Hydroquinone, a bioreactive metabolite of benzene, inhibits apoptosis in myeloblasts. Stem Cells, 14, 730-742... 

---