Acute myelocytic leukemia

As well as NONOates, other NO donors also showed anticancer activity independently. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a metal-NO complex, showed cytotoxic effects on the cells of some patients with malignant lymphoma (ML), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), but not with multiple myeloma [109]. SNP and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) did not share the drug resistance. Interestingly, SNP had no effect on lymphocytes of healthy volunteers. These results suggest that SNP has an anti-tumor effect on human hematological malignant cells. 

Numerous case reports and epidemiological studies suggest a leukemogenic action of benzene in humans—the leukemia tending to be acute and myeloblastic in type, often following aplastic changes in the bone marrow. Acute myelocytic leukemia may be preceded by myelodysplastic syndrome, a preleukemic state characterized by abnormal marrow architecture, inadequate hematopoiesis, and many cells with chromosome damage." Benzene may also induce chronic types of leukemia. ... 

Although 6-thioguanine is chiefly used in chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia and other marrow-based malignancies, lower doses are very effective for moderate to severe psoriasis, particularly in... 

Patients with other types of unresectable cancer also may benefit from chemotherapy, as evidenced by prolongation of life, shrinkage of tumor, and improvement in symptoms. Notable among these are ovarian epithelial and breast carcinomas, oat cell (small cell undifferentiated) carcinoma of the lung, and acute myelocytic leukemia. Cancers that are for the most part resistant to today s agents include melanoma, colorectal and renal carcinomas, and non-oat cell cancers of the lung. 

Uniabeied Uses Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia bladder, cervical, ovarian, prostatic, renal, and testicular carcinomas psoriatic arthritis systemic dermatomyo-sitis... 

Rozemuller, H., W.I Rombouts, IP. Touw, D.I FitzGerald, R.I Kreitman, I. Pastan, A. Hagenbeek, and A.C. Martens, Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia with interleukin-6 Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein in a rat leukemia model. Leukemia, 1996.10(11) 1796-803. 

Idarubicin Idamycin Acute myelocytic leukemia Similar to daunorubicin... 

Leukemia cutis is very rare in acute myelocytic leukemia. Cutaneous relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia has been reported during a period of complete hematological remission after treatment with tretinoin (100). 

Among the newer untineoplustic drugs. 4-l(9-acridinyl)-amino mcthancsulfon- i-anisididc (m-AMSA) showed a wide spectrum of activity in early clinical trial.s. It afforded. some remissions in refractory cases of breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and acute myelocytic leukemia. Leukopenia is the limiting toxicity. ... 

Nooter, K., Sonneveld, P., Oostrurn, R., Herweijer, H., Hagenbeek, T., and Valerio, D. (1990) Overexpression of the mdrl gene in blast cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia is associated with decreased anthracycline accumulation that can be restored by cyclosporin-A. Int. J. Cancer 45, 263-268. 

Yates J, Gildewell O, Wiemik, et al. Cytosine arabinoside with daunoru-bicin or adriamycin for therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia a CALGB study. Blood 1982 60 454 62. 

Gorin NC, Estey E, Jones RJ, et al. New developments in the therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2000 69-89. 

Idarubicin, an antibiotic with antineoplastic activity (12 mg/m2 daily by slow IV injection), is indicated in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in adults, including fragment, antigen-binding, classification M through M , in combination with other approved antileukemic agents. 

Cytarabine, used for acute myelocytic leukemia, competes with cytosine for incorporation into viral DNA. Cytarabine contains an arabinose rather than a ribose (Table 22.1). The 2 -OH group in the j8-position prevents the bases in DNA from stacking properly (Section 27.7). 

Induction chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia was initiated in a hospitalized 29-year-old male patient. Seven days later he developed a fever with cough and abdominal pain. An indwelling central catheter had been in place for a week, hut there was no fliictuance or tenderness at the catheter site. The patient had painful mucosal ulcerations, significant alopecia, and his white cell count was 200/pL The lungs and chest were clear, and the abdomen nwi. soft and nontender. Blood... 

Like doxorubicin, but more severe myelosuppression. IV. Long half-life (72 hrs in cell). Acute myelocytic leukemia. Very lipophilic compared to other drugs in class. 

Davico et al. and Crane showed clonal aberrations in chromosome 8 of workers exposed to paints which is correlated with higher risks of acute myelocytic leukemia. 

Leukemia. Beard et al. (1954a,b) reported greatly elevated concentrations of vitamin B12 in the serum of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia but not in the serum of patients with acute lymphatic leukemia. Ross and Mollin (1954) also found raised levels of Bi2 in the serum in some cases of leukemia but do not think it is possible to distinguish between acute myelogenous and acute lymphatic leukemia on this basis. 

After toxicological studies in large animals, a Phase I study was started at the Lilly Laboratories for Clinical Research (6) with eight patients with a variety of cancers Subsequently, Phase I studies were conducted in several research centers, including ours (7, 8). These reports provide data on drug doses and schedules used, observed systemic toxicity (mainly mucocutaneous toxicity and myelosuppression), and reasons for discontinuation of PF treatment. Our recommended dose is 250 mg/m i,v. bolus, q 2-3 wk. Of the approximately 100 patients treated to-date, partial response was shown in patients with breast carcinoma (8) acute myelocytic leukemia (9) and Hodgkin s Diseases (5). 

Fig. 6.2.4a,b. A 39-year-old woman with acute myelocytic leukemia and miliary cryptoccocosis. a Close-up view of an anteroposterior radiograph shows a diffuse miliary pattern, b Corresponding HRCT scan confirms numerous small miliary nodules in a random distribution... 

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