Monitoring Design Considerations

In designing a mercury monitoring network that includes a wildlife component, a principal objective would be to docrrment changes in merctrry exposure (and potentially effects) relative to changes in merctrry loadings to an ecosystem. More specific objectives might include the ability to  

1) Discern spatial differences and temporal changes in mercuty exposures (i.e., an assessment of concentrations in wildlife, as well as, potentially, effects) in wide-ranging individual species. 

2) Discern temporal changes in exposures (and potentially effects) in more limited range species in specific locatiorrs of interest. 

3) Identify the role of loadings versus other factors (e.g., food web changes) in mercury exposure changes  

4) Identify the impact of changes in mercury releases from specific sectors and/or geographic areas on exposures in specific locatiorrs. 

---

INTRODUCTION 14 PESTICIDE CATEGORIES 15 PESTICIDE HANDLERS 15 Agricultural Pesticide Handlers 15 Tasks Performed by an Individual 16 Factors Affecting Exposure 16 Residential and Institutional Pesticide Handlers 18 Families of Pesticide Handlers 19 STUDY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 20 Worker Stratification 21 Routes of Exposure 21 Respiratory Exposure 21 Dermal Exposure 21 Sampling Strategy Selection 21 Statistical Analysis 22 PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS 22 PESTICIDE EXPOSURE MONITORING METHODS 23 Passive Dosimetry 23... 

Gagne, J.J. et al.. Design considerations in an active medical product safety monitoring system. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 21(Sup>pl. 1) 32—40,2012. 

Also, NACE Standard Recommended Practice-Design Considerations for Corrosion Control of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete (RP0187) contains recommendations for corrosion monitoring systems for steel in concrete. 

Safety-related equipment, safeguards, and possible alternative approaches (e.g., monitoring, interlocks, system redundancy, hardware or software fail-operational/fail-safe design considerations, subsystem protection, fire detection/suppression systems, personal protective equipment, ventilation, and noise or radiation attenuation)... 

When designing and evaluating an analytical method, we usually make three separate considerations of experimental error. First, before beginning an analysis, errors associated with each measurement are evaluated to ensure that their cumulative effect will not limit the utility of the analysis. Errors known or believed to affect the result can then be minimized. Second, during the analysis the measurement process is monitored, ensuring that it remains under control. Finally, at the end of the analysis the quality of the measurements and the result are evaluated and compared with the original design criteria. This chapter is an introduction to the sources and evaluation of errors in analytical measurements, the effect of measurement error on the result of an analysis, and the statistical analysis of data. 

Design and Operation ImpoiTant consideration in the design and operation of landfarming systems include (1) site selection, (2) site preparation, (3) waste charac tei istics, (4) method of waste application, (5) waste-application rate, (6) site management, and (7) monitoring. Important factors related to these design and operation considerations are reported in Table 25-75. 

The chapter on Radioactive chemicals (Chapter 11) has been updated. Considerations of safety in design (Chapter 12) are presented separately from systems of work requirements, i.e. Operating procedures (Chapter 13). Tlie considerations for Marketing and transportation of hazardous chemicals are now addressed in two separate chapters (Chapters 14 and 15). Chemicals and the Environment are now also covered in two chapters (Chapters 16 and 17) to reflect the requirement that the impact of chemicals on the environment should be properly assessed, monitored and controlled. Although a substantial contribution to atmospheric pollution is made by emissions from road vehicles and other means of transport, and this is now strictly legislated for, this topic is outside the scope of this text. Chapter 18 provides useful conversion factors to help with the myriad of units used internationally. 

This is a list of ergonomic considerations that should be taken into account in the interface design of computer controlled processes. The principles refer essentially to monitoring and control tasks, and they have been derived from a literature review supplemented by the analysis of a number of incidents. Advantages... 

---