2-Propanol, 2-methyl- ion

Potassium methyl a-[(methoxyethylidene)amino]-p-hydroxyacrylate Propanoic acid, 2-[(1-methoxyethylidene)amino]-3-oxo-, methyl ester, ion(l-), potassium (11) (105205-36-5) Potassium tert-butoxide tert-Butyl alcohol, potassium salt (8) 2-Propanol, 2-methyl-, potassium salt (9) (865-47-4)... 

Bilirubin is eliminated by dializing the incubated /Miitrophenolate ion (at pH 10.5, and maintaining at 38°C for 30 minutes) into 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, without carrying out the blank determination stated... 

Some divalent ions, such as Mg > Co and Mn A are activators of the enzyme, and is a constituent metal ion. The correct ratio of Mg VZn ions is necessary to avoid displacement of Mg and to obtain optimal activity. Phosphate, borate, oxalate, and cyanide ions are inhibitors of ALP activity. Variations in and substrate concentrations change the pH optimum. The type of buffer present (except at low concentrations) affects the rate of enzyme activity. Buffers can be classified as inert (carbonate and barbital), inhibiting (glycine and propylamine), or activating (2-amino-2 methyl-l-propanol [AMP], tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane [TRIS], and diethanolamine [DBA]). 

In the acid catalyzed dehydration of 2 methyl 1 propanol what carbocation would be formed if a hydride shift accompanied cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond in the alkyloxonium lon" What ion would be formed as a result of a methyl shift" Which pathway do you think will predominate a hydnde shift or a methyl shift" ... 

Membranes and Osmosis. Membranes based on PEI can be used for the dehydration of organic solvents such as 2-propanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and toluene (451), and for concentrating seawater (452—454). On exposure to ultrasound waves, aqueous PEI salt solutions and brominated poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) form stable emulsions from which it is possible to cast membranes in which submicrometer capsules of the salt solution ate embedded (455). The rate of release of the salt solution can be altered by surface—active substances. In membranes, PEI can act as a proton source in the generation of a photocurrent (456). The formation of a PEI coating on ion-exchange membranes modifies the transport properties and results in permanent selectivity of the membrane (457). The electrochemical testing of salts (458) is another possible appHcation of PEI. 

In 1988 Masoud and Ishak demonstrated that ( -arenediazo methyl ethers do not react with 2-naphthol in dry organic solvents such as dioxan, ethanol, 2-propanol, but only in the presence of water. The reactions are catalyzed by hydrochloric acid (even in the absence of water). Under such conditions almost quantitative yields of azo compounds were obtained. A careful and extensive kinetic investigation of the HCl-catalyzed dediazoniation of substituted benzenediazo methyl ethers, varying the HC1 concentration and the diazo ether/2-naphthol ratio (the latter either absent or in large excess), and comparing the observed rate constants with Hammett s acidity functions for dioxane and ethanol (see Rochester, 1970) indicated the mechanism shown in Schemes 12-8 to 12-10 (DE = diazo methyl ether, D+ = diazonium ion). 

Polymer extracts are frequently examined using GC-MS. Pierre and van Bree [257] have identified nonylphenol from the antioxidant TNPP, a hindered bisphenol antioxidant, the plasticiser DOP, and two peroxide catalyst residues (cumol and 2-phenyl-2-propanol) from an ABS terpolymer extract. Tetramethylsuccino-dinitrile (TMSDN) has been determined quantitatively using specific-ion GC-MS in extracts of polymers prepared using azobisisobutyronitrile TMSDN is highly volatile. Peroxides (e.g. benzoyl or lauroylperoxide) produce acids as residues which may be detected by MS by methylation of the evaporated extract prior to GC-MS examination [258]. GC-MS techniques are... 

Generally, primary aliphatic alcohols are oxidized to their respective aldehydes, secondary aliphatic and aromatic alcohols to the corresponding ketones, and allyl and benzyl alcohols to their carboxylic acid or carboxylate ions. For instance, 2-propanol, acetaldehyde, and methyl-benzoate ions are oxidized quantitatively to acetone, acetate, and terephtalate ion respectively, while toluene is converted into benzoate ion with an 86% yield. Controlling the number of coulombs passed through the solution allows oxidation in good yield of benzyl alcohol to its aldehyde. For diols,502 some excellent selectivity has been reached by changing the experimental conditions such as pH, number of coulombs, and temperature. 

Traeger, J.C. Hudson, C.E. McAdoo, D.J. Isomeric Ion-Neutral Complexes Generated From Ionized 2-Methyl-propanol and n-Butanol the Effect of the Polarity of the Neutral Partner on Complex-Mediated Reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1991, 3,409-416. 

There are a number of other aryl-substituted carbodicationic systems that can be properly described as distonic superelectrophiles. For example, dication 45 has been generated from 2,2 -p-phenylenedi-2-propanol in SbFs at —78°C.4 When compared to the dimethyl(phenyl)carbenium ion (cumyl cation) 46, NMR data indicate that the positive charges are dispersed to a considerable extent into the neighboring methyl groups in the dication 45. 

Conversely, the decrease in the rate constant for the hydroxide ion catalyzed reaction of l,l,l-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol in the presence of polyoxyethylene(23) dodecanol and polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-decanoate has been rationalized by assuming that the nucleophilic reaction occurs only in the bulk solution and that a substantial fraction of the substrate is solubilized by the surfactant. The latter assumption was verified by measurements of the solubility of l,l,l-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, and hence the distribution coefficients, in the micellar systems (Anderson and Slade, 1966). 

When it is required to have Caq as the reducing agent, it is customary to add 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butanol) to the solution to convert OH to the relatively unreactive radical CH2(CH3)2COH. This system can be exploited to generate hyper-reduced states of metal ions, as in Eq. (24), for example ... 

The mass spectrum of 1-butanol (Fig. 8.21) shows a very weak molecular ion peak at mie = lA, while the mass spectrum of 2-butanol (Fig. 8.22) has a molecular ion peak (rnie = 74) that is too weak to be detected. The molecular ion peak for tertiary alcohol, 2-methyl-2-propanol (Fig. 8.23), is entirely absent. The most important fragmentation reaction for alcohols is the loss of an alkyl group ... 

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