Secondary butyl alcohol

Secondary butyl alcohol, methylethyl car-binol, 2-butanol, CH3CH2CH(Me)OH. B.p. I00°C. Manufactured from the butane-butene fraction of the gas from the cracking of petroleum. Used to prepare butanone. 

Secondary butyl alcohol-water-di-secondary butylether... 

More Complex Mixtures. AH the sequences discussed are type I Hquid systems, ie, mixtures in which only one of the binary pairs shows Hquid—Hquid behavior. Many mixtures of commercial interest display Hquid—Hquid behavior in two of the binary pairs (type II systems), eg, secondary butyl alcohol—water—di-secondary butyl ether (SBA—water—DSBE), and water—formic acid—xylene (92). Sequences for these separations can be devised on the basis of residue curve maps. The SBA—water—DSBE separation is practiced by ARGO and is considered in detail in the Hterature (4,5,105,126). 

The above-mentioned alcohols are by far the most common. Butyl alcohol is not as commonly used as the first four in the series, but it is used. Secondary butyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol, so named because of the type of carbon atom in the... 

The non-equivalence of the ester protons in the monomethyl- and monophenyl-phosphinic ester function, as in (44, Ch = chalkogen), has been studied. Compounds of type (45) have some interesting stereochemistry. They are prepared from racemic secondary butyl alcohol, and the presence of three signals in the P n.m.r. spectrum confirms that the phosphorus atom is the centre of pseudo-asymmetry. A 1 2 1 triplet is observed which is attributed to the presence of equal amounts of two mesa forms, (45) and (46), which have different values of Sp (outer peaks), and two racemic forms, (47) and (48), which have identical values of 8p (central peak). 

This method has been applied (M5) for modeling the vapor-phase rate of dehydration of secondary butyl alcohol to the olefin over a commercial silica-alumina cracking catalyst. Integral reactor data are available at 400, 450, and 500°F. Two models considered for describing this reaction are the single site... 

Other minor petrochemical uses of butene-1 continue to be the manufacture of SBA (secondary butyl alcohol), MA (maleic anhydride), and butylene oxide. 

Normal butyl alcohol + Secondary butyl alcohol... 

The heated secondary butyl alcohol (SBA) vapors are passed through a reactor containing zinc oxide catalyst at 750—1000°F at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst causes the hydrogen to pop off, forming MEK. The separation of the reactor effluent into MEK, water, hydrogen, and recycled SBA is about the same as Figure 17—2, The overall yield (the percent of SBA that ends up as MEK) is about 85-90%. 

Mixed C4 olefins (primarily iC4) are isolated from a mixed C olefin and paraffin stream. Two different liquid adsorption high-purity C olefin processes exist the C4 Olex process for producing isobutylene (iCf ) and the Sorbutene process for producing butene-1. Isobutylene has been used in alcohol synthesis and the production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and isooctane, both of which improve octane of gasoHne. Commercial 1-butene is used in the manufacture of both hnear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)., polypropylene, polybutene, butylene oxide and the C4 solvents secondary butyl alcohol (SBA) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). While the C4 Olex process has been commercially demonstrated, the Sorbutene process has only been demonstrated on a pilot scale. 

This method is based on extraction of the solvents from the proplnt with a mixture of predried methyl ethyl ketone and secondary butyl alcohol (25/75% by volume). The method is ditectly applicable to propints contg NC of about 13.15% N. By controlling the ratio of extracting solvents, propints contg NC of lower N content (such as 12.60 or 12.00% N) can be analyzed by this procedure. For such proplnts, a lower MEK to sec-BuOH ratio should be used to prevent complete dissolvation... 

The above-mentioned alcohols are by far the most common. Butyl alcohol is not as commonly used as die first four in die series, but it is used. Secondary butyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol, so named because of the type of carbon atom in the molecule to which the hydroxyl radical is attached, must be mentioned because they are flammable liquids, while isobutyl alcohol has a flash point of 100°F. All of the alcohols of the first four carbon atoms in the alkanes, therefore, are extremely hazardous because of their combustion characteristics. 

Another use of 1-butene is in the production of solvents containing four carbons such as secondary butyl alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Secondary butyl alcohol is produced by reacting 1-butene with sulfuric acid and then hydrolysis ... 

E. Matsunaga and R. G. Muller, Secondary Butyl Alcohol via Direct Hydration, Process Economics Program, Review No. 84-2-2, SRI International,... 

But very little is known of the receptor s south end, so to speak, the geometry of the area where the opposite end of the molecule has to fit. Here, with 2-C-17, there is a secondary butyl group, and this contains an asymmetric carbon atom. But now this center of asymmetry is clear across the benzene ring from the nitrogen, and should certainly be in some entirely new part of the receptor site. Why not make this compound with the R and the S forms in this new and unusual location Why not, indeed Why not call them the right-lane and the left lane of the Nimitz Fortunately, both R and S secondary butyl alcohols were easily obtained, and the synthesis given above for the racemic compound was paralleled for each of these isomers, separately. Is there any chemistry that is different with the specific optical isomers from that which has been reported with the racemic There certainly is for the first step, since the butyl alcohols rather than the butyl bromides must be used, and this first step must go by inversion, and it cannot be allowed any racemization (loss of the optical purity of the chiral center). 

The secondary butyl bromide must be of high purity. It may be prepared by the general method of preparing alkyl bromides, described in Org. Syn. 1,1. Secondary butyl alcohol may be obtained from the Standard Oil ( o. of New Jersey. 

Methyl ethyl ketone 10 000 tonnes Catalytic oxidation of secondary butyl alcohol. 

Design a plant to produce 1 x 10 kg/year of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Feedstock Secondary butyl alcohol. 

Mr. Wiirtz has shown that the caproic acid derived from the active amyl cyanide has rotatory power. If we compare this acid with the active valeric acid, the formula of which has already been given, we see that it is derived from amyl alcohol just as valeric acid is derived from the secondary butyl alcohol of Mr. de Luynes. We are able to conclude empirically, therefore, that this last alcohol is active we arrive directly at the same result by applying the first general principle to the formula of this secondary alcohol which is ... 

In the presence of reduced nickel, acetone is reduced to isopropyl alcohol at 210° to 220° C. At 200° to 230° C. isopropyl alcohol is dehydrogenated in the presence of nickel and also begins to decompose into saturated hydrocarbons. Under pressure an equilibrium between these two reactions is established. At 250° C. the approach to equilibrium is very slow and is accompanied by decomposition of both acetone and isopropyl alcohol into gaseous hydrocarbons.98 For normal secondary butyl alcohol the corresponding temperatures are somewhat higher, being about 250° to 300° C. in the presence of reduced nickel. The higher... 

The temperature effect on the dehydration of alcohols in the presence of alumina as has been shown by the work of Sabatier and Mailhe,41 Brown and Reid,°°b and Pease and Yung08 was not checked by Adkins,° b who used what were presumably better conditions experimentally. The rate of dehydration increases in the order of butyl, propyl, isobutyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and secondary butyl alcohols. Although ethanol and ethyl ether give the same rate of dehydration, butyl alcohol gives a faster dehydration late than does butyl ether. Hence, the hypothesis advanced at one time that olefin formation from alcohols was through intermediate ether formation cannot hold. 

Methyl tthyl ketone can be obtained as a co-product instead of acetone, by replacing the isopropanol by secondary butyl alcohol... 

Table 10.9 lists the main economic data available on the production of methyl ethyl ketone from n-butenes, in two steps involving the intermediate formation of secondary butyl alcohol by sulfuric hydration followed by dehydrogenation, or directly by the Wacker/Hoechst technology. 

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